La justicia pronta y cumplida como derecho fundamental de las víctimas en la investigación de delitos sexuales
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2018
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El Estado costarricense ha adoptado diferentes instrumentos legales internacionales que tutelan los derechos humanos de las personas que intervienen en los procesos judiciales. Dentro de esos derechos se contemplan aquellos relacionados con las víctimas de un delito, y existen desarrollos importantes relacionados con las víctimas de delitos sexuales. Dichos instrumentos junto con nuestra Constitución Política, obligan al Estado a reparar los daños que sufren las personas, tanto física como moralmente. Esa reparación debe ajustarse al principio de una justicia pronta, cumplida y de conformidad con las leyes. A pesar de la garantía constitucional que pretende proteger los derechos de las víctimas de encontrar un reparo efectivo y ágil, las leyes, disposiciones y prácticas judiciales no parecen reflejar un interés real en hacer menos tortuoso el camino que las víctimas recorren durante el proceso penal, especialmente de aquellas de delitos sexuales, que sufren condiciones particulares de vulnerabilidad por la edad, género, prejuicios y estereotipos de familiares y operadores del derecho y situaciones emocionales difíciles, debido a que estos delitos tienen lugar predominantemente dentro de un núcleo familiar. Aun cuando existen pocos avances con respecto a los derechos de las víctimas, se han creado protocolos a lo interno del Ministerio Público para tratar de reducir la revictimización y ofrecer una respuesta más ágil y eficiente a las personas ofendidas; incluso, se ha creado una fiscalía especializada en delitos sexuales y violencia doméstica con el afán de que esta población sea atendida por profesionales "especializados", por medio de más capacitación y sensibilización en los temas que trata, sin embargo, parece que dicho objetivo está lejos de ser alcanzado todavía, pues a pesar de la creación de una unidad particular de investigación, no existen módulos de capacitación comunes a todas y todos...
Inglés: The State of Costa Rica has adopted different International Human Rights instruments to protect the rights of parties in judicial proceedings. These rights include those pertaining to victims of a crime, and important changes and developments have been made related to victims of sexual crimes. These instruments, together with our Political Constitution, compel the State to repair any damages suffered by people, in both physical and moral ways. Such reparation must conform to the principle of prompt and effective justice, in strict accordance with the laws. Despite the constitutional guarantee that seeks to protect the rights of the victims to find an effective and agile reparation, the laws, together with judicial dispositions and practices do not seem to have a real interest in making the victims’ experience through the criminal proceeding less tortuous, especially those of sexual crimes, who suffer particular conditions of vulnerability due to age, gender, prejudices and stereotypes of relatives, judiciary and practitioners, along with difficult emotional situations, because of the predominance of these crimes taking place within a family nucleus. Although little progress has been achieved in respect to the rights of victims, several protocols have been created within the Prosecuting Office to reduce revictimization and offer a more agile and efficient response to victims, a prosecutor’s office specialized in sexual crimes and domestic violence has been created with the aim that this topic and victims are in charge of "specialists", by combining training and special sensibility on the issues they deal with, however, it seems that this objective is far from being reached yet, because despite the creation of a particular office to investigate these type of crimes, there is no such thing as a structured study plan for all professionals working with this topic, nor specific criteria for the selection such professionals...
Inglés: The State of Costa Rica has adopted different International Human Rights instruments to protect the rights of parties in judicial proceedings. These rights include those pertaining to victims of a crime, and important changes and developments have been made related to victims of sexual crimes. These instruments, together with our Political Constitution, compel the State to repair any damages suffered by people, in both physical and moral ways. Such reparation must conform to the principle of prompt and effective justice, in strict accordance with the laws. Despite the constitutional guarantee that seeks to protect the rights of the victims to find an effective and agile reparation, the laws, together with judicial dispositions and practices do not seem to have a real interest in making the victims’ experience through the criminal proceeding less tortuous, especially those of sexual crimes, who suffer particular conditions of vulnerability due to age, gender, prejudices and stereotypes of relatives, judiciary and practitioners, along with difficult emotional situations, because of the predominance of these crimes taking place within a family nucleus. Although little progress has been achieved in respect to the rights of victims, several protocols have been created within the Prosecuting Office to reduce revictimization and offer a more agile and efficient response to victims, a prosecutor’s office specialized in sexual crimes and domestic violence has been created with the aim that this topic and victims are in charge of "specialists", by combining training and special sensibility on the issues they deal with, however, it seems that this objective is far from being reached yet, because despite the creation of a particular office to investigate these type of crimes, there is no such thing as a structured study plan for all professionals working with this topic, nor specific criteria for the selection such professionals...
Descripción
Tesis (licenciatura en derecho)--Universidad de Costa Rica. Facultad de Derecho, 2018
Palabras clave
ABUSO SEXUAL, DELITOS SEXUALES - ASPECTOS LEGALES - COSTA RICA, DERECHOS HUMANOS, JUSTICIA, VICTIMAS DE ABUSO SEXUAL, VICTIMOLOGIA - ASPECTOS LEGALES