Caracterización del uso de medicamentos en personas adultas mayores, Costa Rica 2007 = Characterization of medication use in the elderly, Costa Rica 2007
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Fecha
2008
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Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
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Publicador
Revista Costarricense Salud Pública, Vol. 17, no. 17, dic.
Páginas
47-55
Resumen
El proceso de utilización de medicamentos es complejo y las personas adultas mayores tienden a tener un mayor número de entidades patológicas y de medicamentos que complica el uso racional, adecuado y seguro de los medicamentos.
Se caracterizó la utilización de medicamentos y se identificaron algunos factores asociados que le determinan en la persona adulta mayor mediante las bases de datos del estudio Costa Rica Estudio de Longevidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CRELES) en su primera ronda.
Un 79% de la población consume medicamentos, en especial (87%) de la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS); la mayoría fueron mujeres (58%) residentes de la Gran Área Metropolitana. Los principales grupos terapéuticos fueron antihipertensivos (18%), antitrombolíticos (11%), diuréticos (8%), hipoglicemiantes (7%), hipolipemiantes (6%) en concordancia con el autoreporte de enfermedad; un 40% de las personas utilizan entre 1-3 medicamentos y el resto entre
4-17 (polifarmacia). El mayor porcentaje de todas las agrupaciones de medicamentos, procedentes de servicios públicos/privados se encuentra en el grupo de edad predominante (70-79 años); el abandono de los mismos se debió a preferencias de no uso de medicamentos (54%), efectos secundarios (29%), no disponibilidad (8%) y precio elevado (7%). A mayor edad hay más probabilidad de atención médica domiciliar, uso de medicamentos alopáticos-remedios naturales u homeopáticos; los cuales se ven favorecidos si la persona es mujer (1,7 veces), con hipertensión (4,9 veces); padecediabetes (2,3 veces) o si tiene alguna enfermedad del corazón sin previo infarto (1,3 veces). Estos elementos pueden ayudar a establecer estrategias en aspectos que atañen a la atención de la salud de la persona adulta mayor.
The use of medication is a complex process and the elderly tend to have a greater number of diseases and medicines, which complicates their rational, adequate and safe use. By means of the Costa Rican Study (first round) on Longevity and Health Aging (CRELES) data base, medication use was characterized in this population and some associate determining factors were identified. 79% of the elderly population consumesmedications, mainly (87%) from the Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social. Most (58%) were women, residing in the Greater Metropolitan Area. According to self-reports of illness, the main therapeutic drugs were anti-hypertensives (18%), anti-thrombolytics (11%), diuretics (8%), anti-diabetics (7%), and cholesterol-lowering drugs (6%). 40% of the people use a range of 1-3 medications and the rest use a range of 4-17 medications. The largest percentage of all medication use groups, coming from the public/private services, is in the 70-79 age range. Discontinue of medication was due to personal preferences (54%), adverse effects (29%), unavailability of medication (8%), and high price (7%). As age increses there is a higher probability of domestic medical attention, higher use of allopathic medicine and natural or homeopathic remedies, which is favored is the person is female (1,7 times), has hypertension (4,9 times), suffers diabetes (2,3 times), or has a heart condition without previous infarction (1,3 times). These elements can help establish strategies in aspects that relate to health service provision in the elderly.
The use of medication is a complex process and the elderly tend to have a greater number of diseases and medicines, which complicates their rational, adequate and safe use. By means of the Costa Rican Study (first round) on Longevity and Health Aging (CRELES) data base, medication use was characterized in this population and some associate determining factors were identified. 79% of the elderly population consumesmedications, mainly (87%) from the Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social. Most (58%) were women, residing in the Greater Metropolitan Area. According to self-reports of illness, the main therapeutic drugs were anti-hypertensives (18%), anti-thrombolytics (11%), diuretics (8%), anti-diabetics (7%), and cholesterol-lowering drugs (6%). 40% of the people use a range of 1-3 medications and the rest use a range of 4-17 medications. The largest percentage of all medication use groups, coming from the public/private services, is in the 70-79 age range. Discontinue of medication was due to personal preferences (54%), adverse effects (29%), unavailability of medication (8%), and high price (7%). As age increses there is a higher probability of domestic medical attention, higher use of allopathic medicine and natural or homeopathic remedies, which is favored is the person is female (1,7 times), has hypertension (4,9 times), suffers diabetes (2,3 times), or has a heart condition without previous infarction (1,3 times). These elements can help establish strategies in aspects that relate to health service provision in the elderly.
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Palabras clave
SALUD, MEDICAMENTOS, SEGURIDAD SOCIAL, ADULTOS MAYORES, COSTA RICA