Diseño de mezclas de concreto liviano celular para diferentes densidades utilizando un aditivo incorporador de aire
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2023
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Esta investigación aporta información sobre las propiedades, ventajas y aplicaciones del concreto liviano celular, estudia su diseño y elaboración, y busca incentivar su uso en la construcción, así como, nuevas investigaciones sobre este material. El objetivo fue el diseño de mezcla para la obtención de concretos livianos celulares con densidades de 1600 kg/m3, 1440 kg/m3, 1280 kg/m3, 1120 kg/m3, 960 kg/m3 y 800 kg/m3 y estudiar sus propiedades en cuanto a densidad, y rendimiento de la mezcla de concreto en estado fresco y del concreto endurecido cuando es sometido a esfuerzos de tracción y compresión. El concreto liviano celular es diseñado a partir de la "Guía para concreto celular por encima de 800kg/m3; 523.3 R-14" del Instituto Americano del Concreto (ACI), y se realizaron modificaciones según las necesidades derivadas de los procesos experimentales realizados en el laboratorio. Para la elaboración del concreto se utilizó agua, cemento, agregado fino de río, aditivo hiper plastificante de alto rendimiento y aditivo incorporador de aire, los cuales se caracterizaron según las normas y estándares de la Sociedad Estadounidense para Pruebas y Materiales (ASTM); el aditivo incorporador de aire se espumó por medio de un proceso neumático con el uso de un tanque espumador y aire comprimido. Se obtiene el diseño de mezcla ajustado a las propiedades de los materiales utilizados y el proceso de dosificación y mezclado; en estado fresco se consigue una mezcla fluida, uniforme y con una distribución homogénea de sus partículas, y en estado endurecido se alcanza la resistencia esperada a la compresión a 28 días para este tipo de concreto, las densidades experimentales de colado, secado al aire y secado el horno se ajustan a los valores teóricos, al igual el contenido de vacíos esperado, por lo que, su uso y aplicación es funcional y cuenta con ventajas de ligereza, aislamiento térmico y acústico, resistencia al fuego, durabilidad...
Inglés: This research provides information about the properties, advantages, and applications of lightweight cellular concrete. It studies its design and production, and aims to promote its use in construction, as well as further research on this material. The objective is to design a mixture for the production of lightweight cellular concretes with densities of 1600 kg/m3, 1440 kg/m3, 1280 kg/m3, 1120 kg/m3, 960 kg/m3 y 800 kg/m3, and study their properties in terms of density and the performance of the concrete mixture in its fresh state and when subjected to tensile and compressive forces. The lightweight cellular concrete is designed based on the "Guide for Cellular Concrete Above 800kg/m3; 523.3 R-14" from the American Concrete Institute (ACI), with modifications made according to the needs derived from experimental processes carried out in the laboratory. Water, cement, fine river aggregate, high-performance superplasticizer additive, and air entraining additive were used for the production of the concrete, which were characterized according to the standards of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM); the air entraining additive was foamed through a pneumatic process using a foaming tank and compressed air. The mixture design is adjusted to the properties of the materials used and the dosing and mixing process. In the fresh state, a fluid, uniform mixture with a homogeneous distribution of its particles is achieved, and in the hardened state, the expected compressive strength at 28 days for this type of concrete is reached. The experimental densities for casting, air drying, and oven drying align with the theoretical values, as well as the expected void content, indicating that its use and application are functional and have advantages of lightness, thermal and acoustic insulation, fire resistance, durability, and workability.
Inglés: This research provides information about the properties, advantages, and applications of lightweight cellular concrete. It studies its design and production, and aims to promote its use in construction, as well as further research on this material. The objective is to design a mixture for the production of lightweight cellular concretes with densities of 1600 kg/m3, 1440 kg/m3, 1280 kg/m3, 1120 kg/m3, 960 kg/m3 y 800 kg/m3, and study their properties in terms of density and the performance of the concrete mixture in its fresh state and when subjected to tensile and compressive forces. The lightweight cellular concrete is designed based on the "Guide for Cellular Concrete Above 800kg/m3; 523.3 R-14" from the American Concrete Institute (ACI), with modifications made according to the needs derived from experimental processes carried out in the laboratory. Water, cement, fine river aggregate, high-performance superplasticizer additive, and air entraining additive were used for the production of the concrete, which were characterized according to the standards of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM); the air entraining additive was foamed through a pneumatic process using a foaming tank and compressed air. The mixture design is adjusted to the properties of the materials used and the dosing and mixing process. In the fresh state, a fluid, uniform mixture with a homogeneous distribution of its particles is achieved, and in the hardened state, the expected compressive strength at 28 days for this type of concrete is reached. The experimental densities for casting, air drying, and oven drying align with the theoretical values, as well as the expected void content, indicating that its use and application are functional and have advantages of lightness, thermal and acoustic insulation, fire resistance, durability, and workability.
Descripción
Proyecto de graduación (licenciatura en ingeniería civil)--Universidad de Costa Rica. Facultad de Ingeniería. Escuela de Ingeniería Civil, 2023
Palabras clave
HORMIGON - ADITIVOS - EVALUACION, HORMIGON - INVESTIGACIONES - COSTA RICA, HORMIGON LIGERO - DISEÑO Y CONSTRUCCION, HORMIGON LIGERO - PROPIEDADES MECANICAS, MATERIALES DE CONSTRUCCION