Aplicación de metodologías constructivas innovadoras y sostenibles en la rehabilitación y restauración de obras patrimoniales: caso Pabellón Administrativo Liceo José María Castro Madriz
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2023
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El sector constructivo es responsable de los procesos industriales con mayor emisiones de C02. La producción de materiales tradicionales, la generación de deshechos y la falta de gestión de los mismos inciden negativamente sobre el ambiente. Por lo tanto, las metodologías constructivas sostenibles han adquirido relevancia. Las intervenciones a estructuras existentes, como lo son obras patrimoniales, permiten adaptar la edificación a las regulaciones y necesidades actuales mientras se conserva el carácter original de la obra, sin necesidad de realizar demoliciones totales. En el presente proyecto, se desarrolló una propuesta de rehabilitación basada en la aplicación de técnicas innovadoras y sostenibles para la optimización del desempeño estructural, energético y ambiental del edificio patrimonial Liceo Dr. José María Castro Madriz, sector pabellón administrativo. Se recopiló información sobre el inmueble patrimonial y los elementos que definen su valor histórico. Mediante el uso de escáner laser, se obtuvieron las dimensiones exactas del edificio y las patologías visibles. Se efectuaron pruebas de laboratorio certificadas para obtener las propiedades mecánicas del edificio. Con esta información, se analizó la vulnerabilidad estructural, principalmente la respuesta sísmica. A través de herramientas virtuales, se determinaron parámetros de consumo energético generales y conocer sobre su desempeño. A partir de las labores realizadas, se procedió con el planteamiento de propuestas de intervención enfocadas a solventar las deficiencias identificadas, así como al mejoramiento de las condiciones energéticas y de confort del inmueble. Se identificaron las ventajas, desventajas y opciones ecológicas de los principales materiales. Lo anterior se acompaña con un plan de sostenibilidad, vinculado a los criterios a aplicar en la definición de zona de trabajo y gestión de residuos.
Inglés: The construction sector is responsible for the industrial processes with the most CO2 emissions. The production of traditional materials, waste generation, and the lack of residue management negatively affects the natural environment. Therefore, sustainable construction techniques have become more important. Interventions of existing structures, such as historic buildings, allow the adaptation of buildings to nowadays regulations and needs, while conserving their original character and without the need for complete demolitions. The present project develops a rehabilitation proposal based on the application of innovative and sustainable techniques for the optimization of the structural, energetic, and environmental performance of the historical building Liceo Dr. Jose Maria Castro Madriz, specifically its administrative pavilion. Information was recomplicated about the built heritage and the elements that define its historical value. With the use of laser scanner, the exact dimensions of the building and its visible pathologies were obtained. Certified laboratory tests were conducted to determine the mechanical properties of the building. With that information, its structural vulnerability was analyzed, specifically its seismic response. Using virtual tools, the general parameters of energy consumption and its performance were determined. Based on the work carried out, intervention proposals oriented to solve the deficiencies identified, as well as the improvement of energy conditions and the building’s comfort, were formulated. The advantages, disadvantages, and ecological options of the main materials were identified. The above is accompanied by a sustainability plan linked to the criteria to apply in the work zone definition and the residue management.
Inglés: The construction sector is responsible for the industrial processes with the most CO2 emissions. The production of traditional materials, waste generation, and the lack of residue management negatively affects the natural environment. Therefore, sustainable construction techniques have become more important. Interventions of existing structures, such as historic buildings, allow the adaptation of buildings to nowadays regulations and needs, while conserving their original character and without the need for complete demolitions. The present project develops a rehabilitation proposal based on the application of innovative and sustainable techniques for the optimization of the structural, energetic, and environmental performance of the historical building Liceo Dr. Jose Maria Castro Madriz, specifically its administrative pavilion. Information was recomplicated about the built heritage and the elements that define its historical value. With the use of laser scanner, the exact dimensions of the building and its visible pathologies were obtained. Certified laboratory tests were conducted to determine the mechanical properties of the building. With that information, its structural vulnerability was analyzed, specifically its seismic response. Using virtual tools, the general parameters of energy consumption and its performance were determined. Based on the work carried out, intervention proposals oriented to solve the deficiencies identified, as well as the improvement of energy conditions and the building’s comfort, were formulated. The advantages, disadvantages, and ecological options of the main materials were identified. The above is accompanied by a sustainability plan linked to the criteria to apply in the work zone definition and the residue management.
Descripción
Proyecto de graduación (licenciatura en ingeniería civil)--Universidad de Costa Rica. Facultad de Ingeniería. Escuela de Ingeniería Civil, 2023
Palabras clave
ANALISIS ESTRUCTURAL (INGENIERIA), CONSTRUCCION SOSTENIBLE, EDIFICIOS - REPARACION Y RECONSTRUCCION, MATERIALES DE CONSTRUCCION, MODELADO DE INFORMACION DE CONSTRUCCION, RENDIMIENTO ENERGETICO, TERMOTECNIA