Desigualdades de género en sobrepeso y obesidad entre indígenas Chontales de Tabasco, México = Genderinequalities in overweight and obesity Among indigenous Maya Chontales ofTabasco, Mexico
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Fecha
2012
Director
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Población y Salud en Mesoamérica. Revista Electrónica, Volumen 9, número 2, artículo 2, enero-junio
Páginas
1-23
Resumen
La obesidad se ha convertido en una epidemia global y las mujeres presentan tasas más altasque los hombres. Se desconoce el porqué de este fenómeno, o si adquiere características específicas entre la población indígena.
Objetivo: identificar las desigualdades de género que subyacen al fenómeno del cuerpo con sobrepeso y obesidad entre indígenas chontales de Tabasco. Materiales y métodos: estudio cualitativo con entrevistas a profundidad a 15 informantes mujeres y hombres. La guía de entrevista contempló las categorías de: estilo de vida, pertenencia étnica, costumbres y hábitos de alimentación, usos y significados del cuerpo, así como normas de género. Las entrevistas fueron audio grabadas y transcritas.
Se obtuvo el consentimiento informado por escrito para participar, así como la aprobación del comité de ética. Resultados: las mujeres presentan mayor sobrepeso y obesidad que sus pares varones; el ejercicio está prohibido para ellas, los espacios públicos para prácticas deportivas son utilizados de manera exclusiva por los varones, las mujeres después de la maternidad, asumen que es “normal” ser gorda, la obesidad se considera herencia inevitable delos padres y no una enfermedad, la pérdida de peso no es deseable en ninguna etapa de la vida. Conclusiones:Las desigualdades de género son una importante condición para la prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad entre las mujeres chontales. Los resultados de este estudio tienen implicaciones en la promoción de un estilo de vida saludable para la disminución de las tasas de sobrepeso y obesidad entre la población indígena y particularmente entre las mujeres.
Obesity has become a global epidemic with women registering higher rates than men. It is unknown why thisphenonmenon occurs or whether it acquires specific characteristics among indigenous populations. Objective:To identifiy gender inequalities that underly excess body weight and obesity among the indigenous MayaChontales of Tabasco. Materials and Methods: Qualitative study of 15 in-depth interviews of Chontal menand women. Interview themes included categories of lifestyle,ethnicity, customs and eating habits, uses andsignificance of the body, and gender norms. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. Written informedconsent for participation in the study, was well as ethics committee approval, were obtained. Results: Womentend to excess body weight and obesisty to a greater extent than men. Physical exercise is forbidden to womenas public spaces for sports are exclusively male domains. After maternity, it is generally assumned that it is“normal” to be overweight. Obesity is considered an unavoidable genetic heritage, not a disease and weightloss is undesirable at any stage of life. Conclusions: Gender inequalities are an important conditioning factorin excess weight and obesity among Chontal women. The results of this study have implications for thepromotion of healthy lifestyles for reducing rates of excess weight and obesity in indigenous populations,particularly among women
Obesity has become a global epidemic with women registering higher rates than men. It is unknown why thisphenonmenon occurs or whether it acquires specific characteristics among indigenous populations. Objective:To identifiy gender inequalities that underly excess body weight and obesity among the indigenous MayaChontales of Tabasco. Materials and Methods: Qualitative study of 15 in-depth interviews of Chontal menand women. Interview themes included categories of lifestyle,ethnicity, customs and eating habits, uses andsignificance of the body, and gender norms. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. Written informedconsent for participation in the study, was well as ethics committee approval, were obtained. Results: Womentend to excess body weight and obesisty to a greater extent than men. Physical exercise is forbidden to womenas public spaces for sports are exclusively male domains. After maternity, it is generally assumned that it is“normal” to be overweight. Obesity is considered an unavoidable genetic heritage, not a disease and weightloss is undesirable at any stage of life. Conclusions: Gender inequalities are an important conditioning factorin excess weight and obesity among Chontal women. The results of this study have implications for thepromotion of healthy lifestyles for reducing rates of excess weight and obesity in indigenous populations,particularly among women
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OBESIDAD, POBLACION INDIGENA, MEXICO