Comportamientos y prejuicios de los jóvenes con relación al VIH/Sida : un estudio cualitativo con jóvenes universitarios nicaraguenses = Patterns of behavior and youth cultural prejudice of HIV : a study with Nicaraguan college students
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Fecha
2015
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Población y Salud en Mesoamérica, Vol. 13, no. 1, art. 4
Páginas
1-28
Resumen
Objetivos: determinar conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de riesgo de los jóvenes universitarios nicaragüenses con respecto al VIH para desarrollar propuestas de mejora socio-educativa que permitan contribuir a controlar la pandemia en este contexto. Métodos: se trata de un estudio cualitativo desarrollado en la Facultad Regional Multidisciplinar de Chontales (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-Managua). Se realizaron dos grupos de discusión con estudiantes, entrevistas a informantes clave del mismo centro, así como un grupo de discusión con expertos de la Comisión Nicaragüense contra el SIDA. Resultados: las expectativas sociales del machismo suponen un obstáculo en materia de educación sexual. Existe una clara diferenciación de género en el discurso explícito sobre el sexo en general y sobre las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (ITS) en particular. Se dan diferencias significativas de percepción y conocimientos entre el mundo rural y urbano. Persisten gran cantidad de prejuicios, estereotipos y fobia al contagio. Interpretación y conclusiones: el machismo influye en las relaciones sexuales en cuanto a la utilización de métodos de protección. La cultura tradicional dificulta hablar abiertamente de la sexualidad en las familias y entre iguales. Las prácticas de riesgo no se producen tanto por falta de información como sí por la escasa concienciación entre los jóvenes.
Objectives: Determine the knowledge, attitudes and risk behaviours of the Nicaraguan college students in respect to HIV in order to develop proposals for the socio-educative improvement that allow controlling the pandemics in this context. Methods: This is a qualitative study developed in the Multidisciplinary Regional Faculty of Chontales (Autonomous University of Nicaragua-Managua). Two focal groups with students, interviews to key informants from the same faculty, and a focal group with experts from the Nicaraguan commission against HIV were conducted. Results: the social expectations of sexism represent a burden in terms of sex education. There is a clear gender differentiation in the explicit discourse about sex in general and about STD in particular. There are significative differences in the perception and knowledge between the rural and urban world. A big amount of prejudices, stereotypes and phobia of infection persists. Interpretation and conclusions: Sexism (machismo) influences sexual relations, particularly in the use of protection. The traditional culture makes it difficult to talk openly about sexuality with the family or between peers. Risk behaviours are not due to the lack of information but rather due to poor self-awareness.
Objectives: Determine the knowledge, attitudes and risk behaviours of the Nicaraguan college students in respect to HIV in order to develop proposals for the socio-educative improvement that allow controlling the pandemics in this context. Methods: This is a qualitative study developed in the Multidisciplinary Regional Faculty of Chontales (Autonomous University of Nicaragua-Managua). Two focal groups with students, interviews to key informants from the same faculty, and a focal group with experts from the Nicaraguan commission against HIV were conducted. Results: the social expectations of sexism represent a burden in terms of sex education. There is a clear gender differentiation in the explicit discourse about sex in general and about STD in particular. There are significative differences in the perception and knowledge between the rural and urban world. A big amount of prejudices, stereotypes and phobia of infection persists. Interpretation and conclusions: Sexism (machismo) influences sexual relations, particularly in the use of protection. The traditional culture makes it difficult to talk openly about sexuality with the family or between peers. Risk behaviours are not due to the lack of information but rather due to poor self-awareness.
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VIH, EDUCACION PARA LA SALUD, ENFERMEDADES CONTAGIOSAS, GENERO, ESTIGMA SOCIAL, JOVENES, NICARAGUA