Descripción de las competencias culturales de los médicos de familia y residentes de medicina familiar para la atención integral de la población LGBT
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2019
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Los médicos de familia, como especialistas en la atención centrada en el paciente, deben prestar especial atención a las poblaciones vulnerables y tomar en cuenta las aristas, biológicas, sociales y psíquicas en el contexto particular de cada grupo. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal sobre las competencias culturales que incluyen las habilidades, actitudes, posibles sesgos y conocimientos acerca de la atención a la población LGBT, mediante un cuestionario de preguntas cerradas, en el que se tomaron en cuenta características sociodemográficas de los médicos de familia y una serie de preguntas con base en los distintos rasgos asociados a la población LGBT. Este incluyó conocimientos generales, posibles sesgos culturales y personales y conocimientos en materia preventiva, el cual se aplicó a médicos especialistas y especialistas en formación de medicina familiar y comunitaria de Costa Rica, para describir las competencias culturales para la atención integral de la población LGBT. El desarrollo de este trabajo y sus alcances epistemológicos, dieron como resultado que, pese a que existe gran empatía con este grupo poblacional, existen carencias en algunas áreas del conocimiento de las necesidades especiales que tienen las minorías sexuales. Esto podría causar omisión en partes importantes del manejo, pues por sus características idiosincrásicas presentan condiciones de riesgo que se deben escatimar durante su valoración.
Inglés: Background and Aim: Family practice doctors as patient centered specialists, must take into consideration the special needs of vulnerable groups, contemplating their necessities in different areas including biological, social and psychological. Methods: We developed a transversal descriptive study about the cultural competencies, that include the abilities, behaviors, possible biases and general knowledge about the LGBT group. The study was based upon a questionnaire consisting in 36 closed questions, including a sociodemographic description of family medicine doctors and certain questions based on the most important facts regarding LGBT group such as general abilities, culture knowledge and possible cultural and personal biases that may affect the proper attention of this group. The questionnaire that was applied to attendings and family practice residents in Costa Rica, for the purpose of describing the cultural competencies of these doctors in the integrative care of this minority group. Conclusions: By developing this study, it was concluded that, although there is a lot of empathy from doctors towards the LGBT group, there is however lack of knowledge in some areas regarding the special needs of this population, deriving in neglect in some important parts of the attention of this group, that have some singularities and risk factors which must be considered when taking care of the LGBT group.
Inglés: Background and Aim: Family practice doctors as patient centered specialists, must take into consideration the special needs of vulnerable groups, contemplating their necessities in different areas including biological, social and psychological. Methods: We developed a transversal descriptive study about the cultural competencies, that include the abilities, behaviors, possible biases and general knowledge about the LGBT group. The study was based upon a questionnaire consisting in 36 closed questions, including a sociodemographic description of family medicine doctors and certain questions based on the most important facts regarding LGBT group such as general abilities, culture knowledge and possible cultural and personal biases that may affect the proper attention of this group. The questionnaire that was applied to attendings and family practice residents in Costa Rica, for the purpose of describing the cultural competencies of these doctors in the integrative care of this minority group. Conclusions: By developing this study, it was concluded that, although there is a lot of empathy from doctors towards the LGBT group, there is however lack of knowledge in some areas regarding the special needs of this population, deriving in neglect in some important parts of the attention of this group, that have some singularities and risk factors which must be considered when taking care of the LGBT group.
Descripción
Tesis (especialista en medicina familiar y comunitaria)--Universidad de Costa Rica. Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado. Programa de Estudios de Posgrado en Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, 2019
Palabras clave
ATENCION AL ENFERMO - COSTA RICA, MEDICINA FAMILIAR - COSTA RICA, MINORIAS SEXUALES - ATENCIÓN MÉDICA - COSTA RICA, MÉDICOS - ACTITUDES - COSTA RICA