Medición de rendimientos de mano en obra para las actividades de construcción de vigas, repello, pintura, y losas de concreto de residencias en Costa Rica y determinación de factores de ajuste para los publicados por el RSMeans
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2021
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Abstract
Actualmente, una gran cantidad de países, la mayoría muy desarrollados, cuentan con bases de datos de rendimientos de mano de obra para la industria de la construcción. Esto les permite planificar, programar y presupuestar todo tipo de proyectos de construcción de una manera más eficiente y simple. En Costa Rica, por otro lado, no se cuenta con este tipo de bases de datos oficiales, haciendo que programar y presupuestar un proyecto de manera precisa y minuciosa requiera de más recursos de lo necesario o resulte en una planificación deficiente. Esta investigación pretendió aportar una base de datos de rendimientos para un grupo significativo de actividades de construcción de vivienda unifamiliar y, además, comparar estos con los publicados por el libro RSMeans, una amplia base de datos de rendimientos de Estados Unidos. El objetivo final fue obtener coeficientes, o factores de ajuste, entre los rendimientos medidos, los cuales puedan ser multiplicados por los datos del RSMeans, para utilizar estos últimos en proyectos de vivienda unifamiliar en Costa Rica. Las actividades medidas se seleccionaron tomando en cuenta el peso económico que representan en proyecto de vivienda unifamiliar y las mediciones de las mismas se realizaron utilizando el método de observación directa. Por último, se realizaron análisis estadísticos para verificar que las muestras fueran representativas. Al finalizar el trabajo, se obtuvo un valor promedio de ajuste igual a 1,35. Lo anterior indica que, en promedio, para las actividades medidas, en Costa Rica se invierte aproximadamente un 35% más de horas-hombre por unidad de medida que en Estados Unidos de Norteamérica.
Inglés: Currently, a lot of countries, mostly developed ones, have databases about labor performance for the construction industry. This allows them to plan, program and budget all kinds of construction projects in a more efficient and simple way. In Costa Rica, on the contrary, there are no databases of this sorts, making programing and budgeting a project, in a precise and detailed way, more resource demanding and may result in a deficient planning. This investigation tried to generate a labor performance database that included a number of activities for the construction of a single-family house, and also a comparison with the labor performance factors published by RSMeans in their book, the leading construction database in the USA. The final objective was to obtain coefficients or adjustment factor between the labor performances, which could be multiplied by the values on RSMeans so they can be applied in single-family construction projects in Costa Rica. The activities measured were selected taking in account the economic impact that they represented in a construction project, and the samples were measured by using the direct observation method. Finally, a statistical analysis was made to verify that the samples were representatives of the population. Once the investigation was done, the average value of 1,35 por the adjustment factors was obtained. This means that on average, for the activities measured, in Costa Rica workers invest approximately 35% more of man hours per measure unit of work than the USA.
Inglés: Currently, a lot of countries, mostly developed ones, have databases about labor performance for the construction industry. This allows them to plan, program and budget all kinds of construction projects in a more efficient and simple way. In Costa Rica, on the contrary, there are no databases of this sorts, making programing and budgeting a project, in a precise and detailed way, more resource demanding and may result in a deficient planning. This investigation tried to generate a labor performance database that included a number of activities for the construction of a single-family house, and also a comparison with the labor performance factors published by RSMeans in their book, the leading construction database in the USA. The final objective was to obtain coefficients or adjustment factor between the labor performances, which could be multiplied by the values on RSMeans so they can be applied in single-family construction projects in Costa Rica. The activities measured were selected taking in account the economic impact that they represented in a construction project, and the samples were measured by using the direct observation method. Finally, a statistical analysis was made to verify that the samples were representatives of the population. Once the investigation was done, the average value of 1,35 por the adjustment factors was obtained. This means that on average, for the activities measured, in Costa Rica workers invest approximately 35% more of man hours per measure unit of work than the USA.
Description
Proyecto de graduación (licenciatura en ingeniería civil)--Universidad de Costa Rica. Facultad de Ingeniería. Escuela de Ingeniería Civil, 2021
Keywords
CONSTRUCCION DE VIVIENDAS - COSTOS - COSTA RICA, CONSTRUCCION DE VIVIENDAS - PRODUCTIVIDAD DEL TRABAJO, INDUSTRIA DE LA CONSTRUCCION - PRODUCTIVIDAD DEL TRABAJO - COSTA RICA, LOSAS DE HORMIGON - DISEÑO Y CONSTRUCCION - COSTOS, MANO DE OBRA - PRODUCTIVIDAD DEL TRABAJO - COSTA RICA, REVESTIMIENTOS - COSTOS, VIGAS - DISEÑO Y CONSTRUCCION - COSTOS