Factibilidad de implementación del uso de biodigestores en centros educativos típicos de zonas rurales
Cargando...
Archivos
Fecha
2023
Autores
Director
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Publicador
Páginas
Resumen
El propósito de esta investigación fue evaluar el potencial uso de los biodigestores como sistema de tratamiento para las aguas residuales y residuos sólidos orgánicos generados en los centros educativos rurales del país, de forma que se determine si es posible tratar la totalidad de ellos, a la vez que se obtiene un beneficio económico que facilite su implementación. El estudio contribuyó a la generación de conocimiento y definición de potenciales usos de esta tecnología en el país. La metodología implementada contempló un acercamiento teórico, sin fase experimental, y asumiendo un caso general de estudio que representara a los centros educativos rurales del país. Primeramente, se buscaron referencias bibliográficas para determinar las principales características fisicoquímicas del sustrato que entraría en el sistema de tratamiento (carga orgánica, relación carbono-nitrógeno, contenido de humedad, pH y presencia de sustancias inhibidoras), factores que afectan considerablemente el proceso de digestión anaerobia realizado por las bacterias dentro del biodigestor. Posteriormente, mediante encuestas realizadas a directores de centros educativos e información bibliográfica disponible en internet, se diseñaron dos biodigestores, en los cuales se incluyeron las siguientes variables: materiales de fabricación, tren de tratamiento, dimensiones, plan de mantenimiento, presupuesto y recomendaciones para su ubicación. De los análisis de factibilidad realizados se concluye que los biodigestores no son un sistema de tratamiento factible para tratar la totalidad de las aguas residuales generadas en centros educativos y tampoco son adecuados para tratar pequeñas cantidades de residuos orgánicos por el elevado costo inicial que representa su tren de tratamiento. En escuelas y colegios técnicos agrícolas y agropecuarios resulta una posible alternativa, ya que se cuenta con una cantidad y variedad de sustrato mayor, lo que permite...
Inglés: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the potential use of biodigesters as a treatment system for wastewater and organic solid waste generated in rural educational centers throughout the country, to determine if it is possible to treat them in their entirety while obtaining an economic benefit that facilitates their implementation. The study contributed to the generation of knowledge and the definition of potential uses of this technology in the country. The implemented methodology included a theoretical approach without an experimental phase, assuming a general case study representing rural educational centers in the country. Firstly, bibliographic references were sought to determine the main physicochemical characteristics of the substrate that would enter the treatment system (organic load, carbon-nitrogen ratio, moisture content, pH, and presence of inhibitory substances), factors that significantly affect the anaerobic digestion process carried out by bacteria within the biodigester. Subsequently, through surveys conducted with directors of educational centers and available bibliographic information on the internet, two biodigesters were designed, including the following variables: manufacturing materials, treatment process, dimensions, maintenance plan, budget, and recommendations for their location. Based on the feasibility analyses conducted, it is concluded that biodigesters are not a feasible treatment system to treat the entirety of wastewater generated in educational centers, nor are they suitable for treating small amounts of organic waste due to the high initial cost associated with their treatment process. However, in agricultural and livestock technical schools and colleges, they represent a potential alternative as there is a greater quantity and variety of substrate, allowing for more efficient treatment and increased biogas production, thereby improving the return on investment.
Inglés: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the potential use of biodigesters as a treatment system for wastewater and organic solid waste generated in rural educational centers throughout the country, to determine if it is possible to treat them in their entirety while obtaining an economic benefit that facilitates their implementation. The study contributed to the generation of knowledge and the definition of potential uses of this technology in the country. The implemented methodology included a theoretical approach without an experimental phase, assuming a general case study representing rural educational centers in the country. Firstly, bibliographic references were sought to determine the main physicochemical characteristics of the substrate that would enter the treatment system (organic load, carbon-nitrogen ratio, moisture content, pH, and presence of inhibitory substances), factors that significantly affect the anaerobic digestion process carried out by bacteria within the biodigester. Subsequently, through surveys conducted with directors of educational centers and available bibliographic information on the internet, two biodigesters were designed, including the following variables: manufacturing materials, treatment process, dimensions, maintenance plan, budget, and recommendations for their location. Based on the feasibility analyses conducted, it is concluded that biodigesters are not a feasible treatment system to treat the entirety of wastewater generated in educational centers, nor are they suitable for treating small amounts of organic waste due to the high initial cost associated with their treatment process. However, in agricultural and livestock technical schools and colleges, they represent a potential alternative as there is a greater quantity and variety of substrate, allowing for more efficient treatment and increased biogas production, thereby improving the return on investment.
Descripción
Proyecto de graduación (licenciatura en ingeniería civil)--Universidad de Costa Rica. Facultad de Ingeniería. Escuela de Ingeniería Civil, 2023
Palabras clave
AGUAS RESIDUALES - EVALUACION, BIODIGESTORES - DISEÑO Y CONSTRUCCION - ANALISIS DE COSTOS, ESCUELAS RURALES - COSTA RICA, PURIFICACION DE AGUAS RESIDUALES, TRATAMIENTO DE RESIDUOS - EVALUACION