Análisis del ruido producido por el paso de vehículos en carreteras de la Gran Área Metropolitana de Costa Rica
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2022
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En Costa Rica, el ruido es un contaminante del que se tiene poco control en cuanto a carreteras se refiere, pues, de acuerdo con la revisión bibliográfica del presente informe, en el país no existe una regulación vigente que considere el ruido producido por el paso de vehículos, mucho menos un modelo definido que tome en cuenta el impacto ambiental del ruido a la hora de construir o ampliar una carretera. A diferencia del plano internacional, en países como Estados Unidos o Inglaterra, se encontraron modelos que predicen el ruido con base en la velocidad, flujo vehicular, pendiente, entre otros y cuentan con normativa que regula este contaminante. Es por esto que, con el fin de dar el primer paso para contar con este tipo de reglamento, este proyecto relacionó los modelos internacionales de medición y predicción de ruido con la realidad que se presenta en Costa Rica, por medio de la recolección de datos en campo, tanto de niveles de ruido como de velocidades, pendiente y demás con el fin de poder comparar el nivel de ruido predicho por el modelo y el nivel de ruido real medido en la carretera. Se evaluaron seis tramos repartidos en la Gran Área Metropolitana de Costa Rica, considerando que sean secciones de carretera similares y que se puedan obtener los datos necesarios y se compararon los resultados obtenidos con las mediciones realizadas en campo, de los cuales el modelo de predicción inglés (llamado CORTN) es el que mejor se acopló a las mediciones reales en carretera. Además de esto, se buscó relacionar el IRI con el nivel de ruido de una carretera, para conocer si es un parámetro significativo a la hora de evaluar el ruido producido por el paso de vehículos, la cual no es significativa. Además, se obtuvo la significancia de cada variable en el modelo, de los cuales la pendiente fue la más significativa.
Inglés: In Costa Rica, noise is a pollutant that has little control in terms of roads refers, therefore, according to the bibliographic review of this report, in the country there is a current regulation that considers the noise produced by the passage of vehicles, much least one defined model that takes into account the environmental impact of noise when build or widen a road. Unlike at the international level, in countries such as the United States United States or England, models were found that predict noise based on speed, vehicular flow, slope, among others and have regulations that regulate this pollutant. This is why, in order to take the first step towards having this type of regulation, this project related the international noise measurement and prediction models with the reality that occurs in Costa Rica, through the collection of data in the roads, both from noise levels such as speeds, slope, vehicular flow and others in order to be able to compare the noise level predicted by the model and the actual noise level measured on the road. Six stretches distributed in the Great Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica were evaluated, considering that they are similar road sections and that the necessary data can be obtained and compared the results obtained with measurements made in the roads, of which the English prediction model (called CORTN) is the one that best coupled to real measurements on the highways. In addition to this, it was sought to relate the IRI to the noise level of a road, to know if it is a significant parameter when evaluating the noise produced by the passage of vehicles, which is not significant. In addition, the significance of each variable was obtained in the model, of which the slope was the one that showed it the most.
Inglés: In Costa Rica, noise is a pollutant that has little control in terms of roads refers, therefore, according to the bibliographic review of this report, in the country there is a current regulation that considers the noise produced by the passage of vehicles, much least one defined model that takes into account the environmental impact of noise when build or widen a road. Unlike at the international level, in countries such as the United States United States or England, models were found that predict noise based on speed, vehicular flow, slope, among others and have regulations that regulate this pollutant. This is why, in order to take the first step towards having this type of regulation, this project related the international noise measurement and prediction models with the reality that occurs in Costa Rica, through the collection of data in the roads, both from noise levels such as speeds, slope, vehicular flow and others in order to be able to compare the noise level predicted by the model and the actual noise level measured on the road. Six stretches distributed in the Great Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica were evaluated, considering that they are similar road sections and that the necessary data can be obtained and compared the results obtained with measurements made in the roads, of which the English prediction model (called CORTN) is the one that best coupled to real measurements on the highways. In addition to this, it was sought to relate the IRI to the noise level of a road, to know if it is a significant parameter when evaluating the noise produced by the passage of vehicles, which is not significant. In addition, the significance of each variable was obtained in the model, of which the slope was the one that showed it the most.
Descripción
Proyecto de graduación (licenciatura en ingeniería civil)--Universidad de Costa Rica. Facultad de Ingeniería. Escuela de Ingeniería Civil, 2022
Palabras clave
CONTAMINACION POR RUIDO - COSTA RICA, CONTROL DEL RUIDO - COSTA RICA, RUIDO POR TRAFICO - MEDICIONES - GRAN AREA METROPOLITANA (COSTA RICA)