Análisis de la disminución en la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero debido a la implementación de la norma INTE C-170:2020 RESET en el diseño de un edificio prototipo
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2023
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La construcción sostenible surge como una alternativa para contrarrestar el impacto de las actividades humanas en el ambiente y su desarrollo contribuye con el cumplimiento del Plan de Descarbonización del país. Por esta razón, se vuelve relevante contar con normativa y regulaciones que permitan una construcción baja en emisiones, en donde existan más restricciones y normas de línea base sostenible para cualquier proyecto constructivo. La importancia de este trabajo radica principalmente en que establece una línea base de emisiones de Gases de Efecto Invernadero (GEI) para un edificio prototipo, debido a la evaluación de la norma INTE C170:2020 RESET, por lo tanto, analiza el impacto de la norma en la disminución de la huella de carbono para la etapa de diseño y genera indicadores a nivel ambiental y económico al utilizar factores tales como costo total, ocupación y área de construcción. Para el desarrollo del trabajo se seleccionaron los criterios de evaluación de la norma que inciden directamente en la huella de carbono del edificio, además, se utilizaron factores de emisión con alcance de cuna a puerta priorizando aquellos de fuentes nacionales como los establecidos por el Instituto Meteorológico Nacional (IMN) y en las tesis de Badilla & otros (2015) y Sandí (2018). Para el cumplimiento de los requisitos se propusieron estrategias sostenibles relacionadas con el diseño arquitectónico y estructural del edificio, su distribución espacial, su entorno, recursos de construcción y consumo energético de los usuarios. Se demostró que es posible aplicar una mayor cantidad de criterios con metodologías de cálculo de ahorro de emisiones de GEI, con respecto a la cantidad de criterios establecidos en la norma. Cumplir con los requisitos de RESET generó una línea sostenible con un ahorro total del 39 % de emisiones de GEI con respecto a la línea base. Además, la implementación de estrategias pasivas para alcanzar un diseño...
Inglés: Sustainable construction emerges as an alternative to counteract the impact of human activities on the environment and its development contributes to compliance with the country's Decarbonization Plan. For this reason, it becomes relevant to have rules and regulations that allow low-emission construction, where there are more restrictions and sustainable baseline standards for any construction project. The importance of this work lies mainly in the fact that it establishes a baseline of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions for a prototype building, due to the evaluation of the INTE C170:2020 RESET standard, therefore, it analyzes the impact of the standard in the reduction of the carbon footprint for the design stage and generates indicators at an environmental and economic level by using factors such as total cost, occupation and construction area. For the development of the work, the evaluation criteria of the standard that directly affects the carbon footprint of the building were selected, in addition, emission factors with a cradle-to-gate scope were used, prioritizing those from national sources such as those established by the National Meteorological Institute (IMN, for the abbreviation in Spanish) and in the thesis of Badilla & others (2015) and Sandí (2018). In order to comply with the requirements, sustainable strategies related to the architectural and structural design of the building were proposed, including the spatial distribution, its environment, construction resources and energy consumption. It was shown that it is possible to apply a greater number of criteria with methodologies for calculating GHG emissions savings, with respect to the number of criteria established in the standard. Complying with the RESET requirements generates a sustainable line with a total saving of 39 % of GHG emissions with respect to the baseline. In addition, the implementation of passive strategies to achieve a bioclimatic design generates...
Inglés: Sustainable construction emerges as an alternative to counteract the impact of human activities on the environment and its development contributes to compliance with the country's Decarbonization Plan. For this reason, it becomes relevant to have rules and regulations that allow low-emission construction, where there are more restrictions and sustainable baseline standards for any construction project. The importance of this work lies mainly in the fact that it establishes a baseline of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions for a prototype building, due to the evaluation of the INTE C170:2020 RESET standard, therefore, it analyzes the impact of the standard in the reduction of the carbon footprint for the design stage and generates indicators at an environmental and economic level by using factors such as total cost, occupation and construction area. For the development of the work, the evaluation criteria of the standard that directly affects the carbon footprint of the building were selected, in addition, emission factors with a cradle-to-gate scope were used, prioritizing those from national sources such as those established by the National Meteorological Institute (IMN, for the abbreviation in Spanish) and in the thesis of Badilla & others (2015) and Sandí (2018). In order to comply with the requirements, sustainable strategies related to the architectural and structural design of the building were proposed, including the spatial distribution, its environment, construction resources and energy consumption. It was shown that it is possible to apply a greater number of criteria with methodologies for calculating GHG emissions savings, with respect to the number of criteria established in the standard. Complying with the RESET requirements generates a sustainable line with a total saving of 39 % of GHG emissions with respect to the baseline. In addition, the implementation of passive strategies to achieve a bioclimatic design generates...
Descripción
Proyecto de graduación (licenciatura en ingeniería civil)--Universidad de Costa Rica. Facultad de Ingeniería. Escuela de Ingeniería Civil, 2023
Palabras clave
CARBONO - MEDICIONES, CONSTRUCCION SOSTENIBLE - EVALUACION, EDIFICIOS SOSTENIBLES - ANALISIS DE COSTOS, EDIFICIOS SOSTENIBLES - DISEÑO Y CONSTRUCCION - NORMAS, EVALUACION DEL IMPACTO AMBIENTAL - COSTA RICA, GASES DEL EFECTO INVERNADERO - MEDICIONES, MITIGACION DE GASES DEL EFECTO INVERNADERO