Modelado digital BIM y estimación de costos de puentes viales con vigas de concreto presforzado tipo T, canaleta y doble T en Costa Rica
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2023
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En Costa Rica existe la necesidad de construir una cantidad considerable de puentes. Los procesos de licitación para su construcción son publicados por un ente del estado que solicita la participación de empresas privadas que deseen ofertar para ser los elegidos para la construcción de estos, amparados por la Ley de Contratación Administrativa de Costa Rica. Las empresas que ofertan para cualquier tipo de construcción de obra civil deben realizar un presupuesto que indique el precio total de la oferta para poder participar y competir contra las otras empresas. Estas ofertas son licitadas por parte de usuarios interesados en llevar a cabo una obra civil. Sin embargo, no existe un modelo de costos general de libre acceso que contenga valores de cada actividad por tipología que permita ser usado como referencia para anticipar un costo aproximado de construir el tipo de puente en específico. Por esta razón en este proyecto se desarrolló un modelo de costos para puentes de vigas de concreto presforzado tipo T, Doble T y Canaleta. Mediante la creación de un modelo digital BIM de cada tipo de puente, se cuantificó la cantidad de materiales requeridos y con esto se calcularon los costos totales que se requieren para cada construcción de los puentes tipos, esto permitió elaborar una base de datos por medio de un modelo de costos que incluye el modelado de los puentes en 3D de cada elemento, sus dimensiones y cuantificación, los costos unitarios de cada material, subcontrato y alquileres de equipo, costos de mano de obra directa e indirecta necesaria para la construcción del proyecto y servicios generales necesarios. De esta manera tanto las entidades públicas que licitan como las empresas que participan en la oferta pueden tomar este modelo como base de datos utilizando dicha información como referencia en sus necesidades.
Inglés: In Costa Rica there is a need to build a considerable number of bridges. The bidding processes for its construction are published by a state entity that requests the participation of private companies that wish to bid to be chosen for the construction of these, protected by the Administrative Contracting Law of Costa Rica. Companies that bid for any type of civil works construction must make a budget that indicates the total price of the offer in order to participate and compete against other companies. These offers are tendered by users interested in carrying out a civil wor k. However, there is no general open access cost model that contains values of each activity by type that can be used as a reference to anticipate an approximate cost of building the specific type of bridge. For this reason, in this project a cost model was developed for bridges of prestressed concrete beams type T, Double T and Gutter. By creating a digital BIM model of each type of bridge, the amount of materials required was quantified and the total costs required for each construction of the type bridges were calculated with this, it allowed to develop a database through a cost model that includes the modeling of the bridges in 3D of each element, its dimensions and quantification, the unit costs of each material, subcontract and equipment rentals, direct and indirect labor costs necessary for the construction of the project and general services necessary. In this way, both the public entities that bid and the companies that participate in the offer can take this model as a database using this information as a reference in their needs.
Inglés: In Costa Rica there is a need to build a considerable number of bridges. The bidding processes for its construction are published by a state entity that requests the participation of private companies that wish to bid to be chosen for the construction of these, protected by the Administrative Contracting Law of Costa Rica. Companies that bid for any type of civil works construction must make a budget that indicates the total price of the offer in order to participate and compete against other companies. These offers are tendered by users interested in carrying out a civil wor k. However, there is no general open access cost model that contains values of each activity by type that can be used as a reference to anticipate an approximate cost of building the specific type of bridge. For this reason, in this project a cost model was developed for bridges of prestressed concrete beams type T, Double T and Gutter. By creating a digital BIM model of each type of bridge, the amount of materials required was quantified and the total costs required for each construction of the type bridges were calculated with this, it allowed to develop a database through a cost model that includes the modeling of the bridges in 3D of each element, its dimensions and quantification, the unit costs of each material, subcontract and equipment rentals, direct and indirect labor costs necessary for the construction of the project and general services necessary. In this way, both the public entities that bid and the companies that participate in the offer can take this model as a database using this information as a reference in their needs.
Descripción
Proyecto de graduación (licenciatura en ingeniería civil)--Universidad de Costa Rica. Facultad de Ingeniería. Escuela de Ingeniería Civil, 2023
Palabras clave
ANALISIS DE COSTOS, MODELADO DE INFORMACION DE CONSTRUCCION, PUENTES DE HORMIGON - DISEÑO Y CONSTRUCCION - COSTA RICA, VIGAS DE HORMIGON - DISEÑO