Población activa

Examinar

Mostrando 1 - 4 de 4

Las transferencias intergeneracionales en Costa Rica
(Notas de Población, N° 90, 2010) Rosero-Bixby, Luis; Zúñiga Brenes, Paola
En este artículo se presentan las estimaciones del sistema de transferencias intergeneracionales de Costa Rica para 1991 y 2004. Los resultados más destacados de este ejercicio permitieron advertir que el tramo de edades superavitarias del ciclo de vida económico es relativamente breve en el país y que a partir de los 55 años el ingreso laboral de los costarricenses se torna insuficiente para sufragar su consumo. En este sentido, el papel del gobierno es crucial en el financiamiento del déficit de las personas mayores, mientras que el de los niños y jóvenes depende en gran medida de las transferencias de los padres. Se observó también que las personas de edad no representan por lo general una carga para sus familias, sino que, por el contrario, realizan más transferencias de las que reciben, incluso a edades muy avanzadas. De hecho, el ingreso de activos y el ahorro son sorprendentemente elevados y aumentan con la edad, hasta alrededor de los 70 años.Al combinar estas estimaciones con las proyecciones de población, se concluye que el envejecimiento poblacional de Costa Rica no representará la catástrofe que se ha anunciado, aunque sí supondrá un reto para las finanzas públicas en un futuro próximo, especialmente para las áreas del gobierno a cargo de las pensiones y la salud. Los bonos demográficos que se derivarían de los datos expuestos y el análisis realizado implican la posibilidad de aumentar el bienestar de los costarricenses. El desafío entonces es implementar las medidas necesarias para que ese potencial se materialice.
Analysis of non-remunerated production in Costa Rica
(The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, vol.5, 2014) Jiménez Fontana, Pamela
Disaggregating national production by sex might lead to the misleading conclusion that women’s contribution to the economy is significantly lower than men’s. National Accounts fail to measure the time people dedicate to non-remunerated production because there is no explicit economic compensation. However, non-remunerated production contributes indirectly to the economy, and it represents part of the real cost of taking care of others. The opportunity cost of dedication to non-remunerated production depends highly on the educational level and personal preferences. This article estimates the real contribution of men and women to the Costa Rican economy by calculating labor income and non-remunerated production by age and sex. In addition, the article disaggregates the main activities of non-remunerated production by educational level.
Population ageing, intergenerational transfers and demographic dividend in Ecuador
(United Nations, Population Division. Technical paper N. 2015/3, 2015) Rosero-Bixby, Luis; Roldán, Lilianna; Caravajal, Francisco
This paper analyses economic flows over the lifecycle in Ecuador, a middle-income country that is anticipating rapid population ageing. Using the National Transfer Accounts (NTA) framework, the paper develops estimates of age patterns of production and consumption, as well as the magnitudes of the various types of economic transfers between age groups for Ecuador for 2006 and 2011. These estimates add to the database of countries participating in the international collaborative NTA project. Analyses of the estimates point to important socioeconomic transformations that took place in Ecuador between 2006 and 2011, such as increases in public transfers to older persons and in older persons’ net transfers to younger people. The paper concludes with an assessment of the demographic dividend in Ecuador, noting that the window of accelerated economic growth associated with the favourable demographic shifts that led to an increase in the ratio of producers to consumers would soon close.
Gender gaps in Costa Rica: analysis of time use and labor income by education
(Time Use and Transfers in the Americas, 2019) Jiménez Fontana, Pamela
Female labor force participation in Costa Rica has remained stagnant since 2005. An increase on the participation of women in the labor market could have a positive impact on the economy, which is known as gender dividend. Given that Costa Rica is at the end of its demographic transition, the gender dividend emerges as an alternative to partially reduce the negative effects of population aging. This article analyzes gender gaps on time use and labor income in Costa Rica by educational level, in order to identify limitations women have to access to the labor market. One of the main results of this article is that women with higher education spend significantly less time doing unpaid work than women with incomplete high school. In contrast, this difference is not observed among men.

Examinar

Envíos recientes