Saturated and cis- and trans-unsaturated fatty acids intake in rural and urban Costa Rican adolescents

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dc.creatorMonge Rojas, Rafael
dc.creatorCampos Núñez, Hannia
dc.creatorFernández Rojas, Xinia Elena
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-29T16:24:33Z
dc.date.available2025-05-29T16:24:33Z
dc.date.issued2005
dc.description.abstractObjective: The purpose of this study is to determine whether intake of saturated fatty acids and cis- and trans-unsaturated fatty acids is associated with an urban compared to a rural lifestyle, and whether these associations are responsible for differences in plasma lipid concentrations. Methods: Two hundred seventy-five adolescents, aged 12 to 19 years, living in rural and urban areas of San José, Costa Rica, were included in the study. All participants completed three-day food records, provided a fasting blood sample, and carried out a modified Harvard Step Test. Results: Compared to rural, urban adolescents reported higher intakes of energy-adjusted individual and total saturated fatty acids, total n-3, total n-6 (p < 0.05). Compared to rural, urban adolescents had higher intake of 18:1 (3.65 vs. 3.25, p = 0.0001) and 18:2 (0.62 vs. 0.80, p = 0.001) trans fatty acids, as well as lower intake of carbohydrate (p < 0.05). Palm shortening was the main source of saturated fat (32%), and partially hydrogenated soybean oil used for cooking was the main source of n-3 fatty acids (33%), n-6 fatty acids (33%) and trans fatty acids (34%). Compared to rural, urban adolescents had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure and higher plasma HDL cholesterol concentration (44 vs. 40 mg/dL, p < 0.0001), but were more likely to be sedentary (68% vs. 57%, p < 0.0001). Among environmental factors, higher carbohydrate intake was a significant determinant of a lower HDL cholesterol (β coeff = −1.45, p = 0.04), while lauric and myristic fatty acids correlated with increased LDL cholesterol (β coeff = 3.6, 1.7, p < 0.05). Conclusions:A diet containing less carbohydrate and less saturated fatty acids contributes to a more beneficial lipid profile in Costa Rican adolescents, but a trend towards high trans fatty acids intake, particularly in the urban area is worrisome given the well-known adverse effects of trans fatty acids.en_CR
dc.description.pages286-293
dc.description.urihttps://sibdi.ucr.ac.cr/formularios/formulario-transferencia-ccp.phpes_CR
dc.identifier.issn1541-1087
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.sibdi.ucr.ac.cr/handle/123456789/24850
dc.language.isoenen_CR
dc.publisherJournal of the American College of Nutrition, Vol24, no. 4
dc.subjectGRASAS SATURADASes_CR
dc.subjectSALUDes_CR
dc.subjectADOLESCENTESes_CR
dc.subjectZONAS RURARLESes_CR
dc.subjectZONAS URBANASes_CR
dc.titleSaturated and cis- and trans-unsaturated fatty acids intake in rural and urban Costa Rican adolescentsen_CR
dc.typeArticle

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