Diseño y protocolo de construcción de un sistema de propulsión manual adaptable a una silla de ruedas para una persona con paraplejia
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2023
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El presente documento desarrolla el diseño de un sistema de propulsión conocido en inglés como handcycle, el cual permite que a una persona en silla de ruedas se le facilite la movilización, debido a que impulsarse con sus manos en las ruedas de su silla se vuelve ineficiente, cansado y con posibilidad de lesionarse las manos. En Costa Rica este tipo de productos no se consiguen con facilidad, solo es posible adquirirlos en el mercado extranjero y a precios muy elevados sumando el costo de importación. Por esta razón, este trabajo se constituye en una alternativa de diseño personalizado que permita su fabricación en el país y a un bajo costo, fácilmente accesible de crear con elementos de bicicletas, y materiales comunes de ferretería. Para el diseño se analizan los parámetros requeridos como por ejemplo las capacidades físicas y la antropometría de una persona específica con paraplejia (sujeto de estudio), para lo cual se realizaron algunas mediciones antropométricas en el sujeto de interés y se obtuvieron otros datos de artículos que incluyeron sujetos cuyas capacidades se asemejaban a la capacidad del sujeto en estudio. Además, este proyecto se limita a espacios de movilidad urbana y ciclovías, cuyo objetivo primordial es brindar una herramienta para que se incentive la actividad física en personas con discapacidad, razón por la cual se propone que sea un sistema totalmente manual. Para comprobar el funcionamiento del diseño se hizo el prototipado en herramientas computacionales que fue probado mediante simulaciones en las piezas más críticas. De la misma forma, se realizó un análisis cinético y cinemático que demostró que el sistema funcionaba de acuerdo a los parámetros esperados. Finalmente, se detalla el protocolo necesario para manufacturar el prototipo de propulsión con su presupuesto, el cual se obtendría un producto funcional, seguro y más económico…
This document develops the design of a propulsion system known in english as a handcycle which allows a person in a wheelchair to facilitate mobilization, because pushing with their hands on the wheels of their chair becomes inefficient, tired and with the possibi- lity of damaging their hands. In Costa Rica, these kind of products are not easily available, it is only possible to acquire them in the foreign market and at very high prices, adding the import cost. For this reason, this work constitutes a personalized design alternative that allows its manufacture in the country and at a low cost, easily accessible to create with bicycle elements, and common hardware materials. For the design, the required parame- ters are analyzed, such as the physical capacities and anthropometry of a specific person with paraplegia (study subject), for which some anthropometric measurements were made on the subject of interest and other data was obtained from articles that they included subjects whose abilities resembled the ability of the subject under study. In addition, this project is limited to spaces for urban mobility and bicycle lanes, whose primary objective is to provide a tool to encourage physical activity in people with disabilities, which is why it is proposed to be a totally manual system. To verify the operation of the design, pro- totyping was done in computational tools that was tested through simulations in the most critical parts. In the same way, a kinetic and kinematic analysis was carried out, which demonstrated that the system worked according to the expected parameters. Finally, the necessary protocol is detailed to manufacture the propulsion prototype with its budget, which would obtain a functional, safe and cheaper product than those that are traded internationally.
This document develops the design of a propulsion system known in english as a handcycle which allows a person in a wheelchair to facilitate mobilization, because pushing with their hands on the wheels of their chair becomes inefficient, tired and with the possibi- lity of damaging their hands. In Costa Rica, these kind of products are not easily available, it is only possible to acquire them in the foreign market and at very high prices, adding the import cost. For this reason, this work constitutes a personalized design alternative that allows its manufacture in the country and at a low cost, easily accessible to create with bicycle elements, and common hardware materials. For the design, the required parame- ters are analyzed, such as the physical capacities and anthropometry of a specific person with paraplegia (study subject), for which some anthropometric measurements were made on the subject of interest and other data was obtained from articles that they included subjects whose abilities resembled the ability of the subject under study. In addition, this project is limited to spaces for urban mobility and bicycle lanes, whose primary objective is to provide a tool to encourage physical activity in people with disabilities, which is why it is proposed to be a totally manual system. To verify the operation of the design, pro- totyping was done in computational tools that was tested through simulations in the most critical parts. In the same way, a kinetic and kinematic analysis was carried out, which demonstrated that the system worked according to the expected parameters. Finally, the necessary protocol is detailed to manufacture the propulsion prototype with its budget, which would obtain a functional, safe and cheaper product than those that are traded internationally.
Descripción
Proyecto de graduación (licenciatura en ingeniería mécanica)--Universidad de Costa Rica. Facultad de Ingeniería. Escuela de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023
Palabras clave
INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA - APARATOS E INSTRUMENTOS - DISEÑO, INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA - DISEÑO, MAQUINARIA, MECANICA APLICADA, PROTOTIPOS, SISTEMAS DE PROPULSION