Diseño y optimización de parámetros de un sistema de producción de micro-nanoburbujas de ozono para aplicación en riego agrícola
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2021
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El presente proyecto consistió en el diseño, selección de equipos y componentes, construcción, y determinación de la presión de operación óptima de un sistema que permite producir una disolución de micro-nanoburbujas de ozono en agua, aplicable a tratamientos de riego experimental a mediana escala en fincas agrícolas. Para esto se diseñó y construyó primeramente un sistema de tipo producto mínimo viable con diferentes máquinas readaptadas; disponibles comercialmente para otros fines. Este sistema permitió la exploración de los parámetros de funcionamiento, características de la disolución en sí, y también la familiarización con los componentes necesarios para este tipo de sistema. Seguidamente, se determinó la mejor presión de operación para el sistema, mediante pruebas comparativas simples entre dos diferentes presiones y un análisis estadístico de los datos obtenidos. No se observó ninguna diferencia significativa entre las variables medidas, por lo que se optó por la menor de las dos. Terminadas estas pruebas, se realizaron giras en campo para evaluar el desempeño del sistema y las características requeridas en una máquina de agua ozonificada especializada para el riego agrícola. Se diseñó y ensambló un segundo prototipo, priorizando algunas de estas características, dado el presupuesto limitado. El proyecto concluyó con la creación de un diseño original y compacto, es decir, con todos los componentes en una sola carcasa, de un sistema funcional con capacidad para ozonificar hasta 1000 litros de agua a 5 partes por millón en aproximadamente 30 minutos. Además, el prototipo se logró automatizar exitosamente, de forma que el usuario debe activar solamente un botón para iniciar el proceso, y se apaga de forma independiente al alcanzar la concentración deseada
This project covers the design, component selection, construction, and determination of the optimal pressure of operation of a system capable of producing a solution of micro and nano bubbles in water, which can then in turn be applied to crops through irrigation in small to medium scale agricultural operations. For this, a minimum viable product like system was constructed with diffe- rent repurposed machines, available on the market but for a variety of different uses. This allowed for exploration of the system parameters, the ozone micro-nano bubble dissolution and familiariza- tion with the components and technology necessary for this type of system. Secondly, the internal pressure of water circulating through the system had to be established. For this, simple comparative experiments with two different pressures were carried out; which showed no significant differences in data after statistical analysis of the relevant variables, and thus the lowest of the two pressures was selected. Once these were finished, field demonstrations were given to evaluate the performance and the required features for an ozonated water system specialized in agriculture. A second prototype was then designed and assembled, prioritizing some of these features (given limited budget). The project concluded with the creation of an original, compact (as in all parts are integrated) machine, with a maximum capacity to ozonate up to 1000 L of water at 5 parts per million in 30 minutes. The prototype was also automated to start with the push of a single button, and turn off independently after the desired concentration is reached.
This project covers the design, component selection, construction, and determination of the optimal pressure of operation of a system capable of producing a solution of micro and nano bubbles in water, which can then in turn be applied to crops through irrigation in small to medium scale agricultural operations. For this, a minimum viable product like system was constructed with diffe- rent repurposed machines, available on the market but for a variety of different uses. This allowed for exploration of the system parameters, the ozone micro-nano bubble dissolution and familiariza- tion with the components and technology necessary for this type of system. Secondly, the internal pressure of water circulating through the system had to be established. For this, simple comparative experiments with two different pressures were carried out; which showed no significant differences in data after statistical analysis of the relevant variables, and thus the lowest of the two pressures was selected. Once these were finished, field demonstrations were given to evaluate the performance and the required features for an ozonated water system specialized in agriculture. A second prototype was then designed and assembled, prioritizing some of these features (given limited budget). The project concluded with the creation of an original, compact (as in all parts are integrated) machine, with a maximum capacity to ozonate up to 1000 L of water at 5 parts per million in 30 minutes. The prototype was also automated to start with the push of a single button, and turn off independently after the desired concentration is reached.
Descripción
Proyecto de graduación (licenciatura en ingeniería mecánica)--Universidad de Costa Rica. Facultad de Ingeniería. Escuela de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022
Palabras clave
DISEÑO DE MAQUINAS, MICROBURBUJAS, NANOTECNOLOGIA, OPTIMIZACION ESTRUCTURAL, OZONO - APLICACIONES INDUSTRIALES, PROTOTIPOS, RIEGO - INNOVACIONES TECNOLOGICAS