Matrimonio, unión conyugal

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Un análisis de la relación a corto plazo entre fecundidad y matrimonio. España 1975-2013 = An analysis of the relationship between short term fertility and marriage. Spain 1975-2013
(Población y Salud en Mesoaméica, Vol. 12, No. 2, art. 5, 2015) Díaz Fernández Montserrat; Llorente Marrón María del Mar; Méndez Rodríguez María Paz
Con objeto de analizar en qué medida nupcialidad y fecundidad constituyen variables relacionadas entre sí a lo largo del tiempo, se evalúa empíricamente un modelo que intenta capturar las relaciones temporales no causales entre ambos fenómenos en España. El análisis se aborda mediante un modelo de vectores autorregresivos y funciones impulso-respuesta. La información estadística utilizada proviene del Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE, 2014a y 2014b). Se ha constatado una relación fluctuante entre ambos procesos y débilmente procíclica. Las actuaciones sobre la serie nacimientos generan efectos sobre la dinámica de ambas series, que muestran cierto comportamiento de influencia-liderazgo.
Nuptiality trends and fertility transition in Latin America
(The Fertility Transition in Latin America. Oxford University Press, 1996) Rosero Bixby, Luis
he purpose of this chapter is to determine the role played by nuptiality changes in the fertility transition in Latin America. As other contributions to this book show, most Latin American countries have reduced substantially their fertility since 1960 approximately. In this chapter we examine the extent to which changes in marriage patterns explain this generalized fertility decline. Fertility transition in Europe occurred without the help o f nuptiality changes, or even in spite of a marriage boom (Hajnal 1956; Watkins 1981; Dyson and Murphy 1985). Late age at marriage and widespread spinsterhood had brought about moderate levels of fertility long before the European transition, in what Coale has called a ‘first’ transition (Coale 1973). In developing countries, in contrast, prevalent patterns of almost universal and precocious marriage have suggested that important fertility decline can occur because of nuptiality changes. Several studies have, indeed, showed meaningful effects of marriage changes, particularly in East Asia. For example, Mauldin and Berelson (1978) found that delayed marriages account for 35-40 per cent of birth rate reductions in ten developing countries with major fertility declines. Cho and Retherford (1974) also estimated an important contribution of nuptiality to birth rate declines in seven Asian populations between 1960 and 1970, which range from 23 per cent in Taiwan to 102 per cent in the Philippines. The literature on nuptiality and its effect on fertility in developing countries has been dominated by observations from Asia and tropical Africa, however. Nuptiality and family patterns in Latin America are intermediate between those in Western Europe and those in Asia or Africa (Merrick 1986; De Vos 1987). The female mean age at marriage is 22 years and the proportion of never married women by age 50 is 13 per cent in Latin America as a whole, figures that contrast with, for example, 19 years and 2 per cent respectively in South Asia (United Nations 1988: table 5). Regional trends in Latin American nuptiality and their impact on fertility have not been well documented.
Tipos y circunstancias de unión conyugal en la violencia física de pareja en Chiapas, México, 2016Types and circumstances of marital union in the occurrence of physical intimate partner violence in Chiapas, Mexico, 2016
(Población y Salud en Mesoamérica, Volumen 20, no. 1, Artículo científico, julio-diciembre, 2022) Suárez Muñoz, Ana Laura; Nazar Beutelspacher, Austreberta; Salvatierra Izaba, Benito; Sánchez Ramírez, Georgina; Torres Dosal, Arturo
La violencia en contra de las mujeres en la pareja heterosexual, además de ser un tema muy complejo, es un problema de salud pública. Este trabajo contribuye a profundizar no solamente en el tipo de unión conyugal (cohabitación y matrimonio), sino también toma en cuenta las circunstancias en donde ocurre para explicar tanto en mujeres indígenas como no indígenas su relación con la magnitud y la gravedad de las expresiones de maltrato físico en Chiapas, México. El estudio fue realizado a través de un enfoque cuantitativo con base en los datos de la Encuesta Nacional sobre la Dinámica de las Relaciones en los Hogares 2016 (ENDIREH); se incluyeron 2604 mujeres de 15 a 49 años, actualmente unidas, indígenas y mestizas. Los resultados mostraron que la unión libre es más frecuente en las indígenas y se asocia significativamente con una mayor probabilidad de violencia física en sus distintas formas; adicionalmente, las circunstancias en las cuales esta se establece dan cuenta de la variación en la frecuencia de las agresiones, sobre todo cuando las mujeres son forzadas a unirse. La desventaja social de las mujeres subyace al tipo y las circunstancias de unión, destaca su participación o ausencia al decidir y los aspectos normativos que rigen la materia en Chiapas. Se discuten los hallazgos a la luz del cambio reproductivo y el compromiso de los varones en el establecimiento de la unión como elementos constitutivos de la cohabitación y el matrimonio, así como de la violencia íntima de pareja. Violence against women in heterosexual couples is not only a very complex issue, but also a public health problem. The work contributes to the study not only in the type of conjugal union (cohabitation and marriage) but also taking into account the circumstances in which the union occurs, to explain both in indigenous and non-indigenous women their relationship with the magnitude and severity of the expressions of physical violence against women in Chiapas. The study was conducted through a quantitative approach taking as a basis data from the National Survey on the Dynamics of Household Relationships 2016 (ENDIREH); 2604 women aged 15 to 49 years, currently in union, indigenous and mestizo were included. The results show that free union is more frequent in indigenous women and that this type of union is significantly associated with a higher probability of occurrence of physical violence in its different expressions. Additionally, the circumstances in which the union is established provide evidence of differences in the frequency of physical violence in them, particularly when women are forced to join. The social disadvantage of women underlies the type and circumstances in which the union occurs, highlighting the participation or not of women in the decision to join and the normative aspects that govern unions in Chiapas, Mexico. Results are discussed in light of reproductive change and male involvement in the establishment of the union as elements underlying both cohabitation or marriage and intimate partner violence.

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