Examinando por Autor "Ruiz Narváez, Edward A."
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Ítem Abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia mask the effect of a common APOC3 haplotype on the risk of myocardial infarction(Am J Clin Nutr., no. 87, 2008) Ruiz Narváez, Edward A.; Sacks, Frank M; Campos, HanniaThe plasma concentration of apolipoprotein (apo) C-III is a strong predictor of the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) (1, 2). Apo C-III impairs the clearance of apo B lipoproteins from plasma, which results in an increase in plasma triacylglycerol concentrations (3–7) and directly activates atherosclerotic and inflammatory pathways in vascular cells (8, 9). Therefore, genetic variation affecting the expression of the APOC3 gene may alter apo C-III metabolism and influence CHD. Minor alleles of the 3238C - G (SstI site), -482C-T, and -455T-C polymorphisms are associated with higher plasma triacylglycerol (10–13) and apo C-III (14) concentrations and with an increased risk of CHD (13, 15–17).Ítem Amerindian ancestry and extended longevity in Nicoya, Costa Rica(American Journal of Human Biology,vol.30(1), 2018) Azofeifa Navas, Jorge; Ruiz Narváez, Edward A.; Leal Esquivel, Alejandro; Gerlovin, Hanna; Rosero Bixby, LuisObjectives: The aim of this study was to address the hypothesis that Amerindian ancestry is associated with extended longevity in the admixed population of Nicoya, Costa Rica. The Nicoya Peninsula of Costa Rica has been considered a “longevity island,” particularly for males. Methods: We estimated Amerindian ancestry using 464 ancestral informative markers in 20 old Nicoyans aged 99 years, and 20 younger Nicoyans (60-65 years). We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the association of Amerindian ancestry and longevity. Results: Older Nicoyans had higher Amerindian ancestry compared to younger Nicoyans (43.3% vs 36.0%, P5.04). Each 10% increase of Amerindian ancestry was associated with more than twice the odds of being long-lived (OR52.32, 95% CI51.03-5.25). Conclusions and Implications: To our knowledge, this is the first time that ancestry is implicated as a likely determinant of extended longevity. Amerindian-specific alleles may protect against early mortality. The identification of these protective alleles should be the focus of future studies.Ítem APOC3/A5 haplotypes, lipid levels, and risk of myocardial infarction in the Central Valley of Costa Rica(Journal of Lipid Research, vol. 46, no. 12, 2005) Ruiz Narváez, Edward A.; Yang, Yadong; Nakanishi, Yukiko; Kirchdorfer, Jill; Campos, HanniaApolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) and A-V (apoA-V) regulate triglyceride metabolism in opposite ways (1–3). In mice, the overexpression of the human APOC3 transgene (1) leads to severe hypertriglyceridemia, whereas knockout mice lacking the endogenous Apoc3 gene have hypotriglyceriemia (2). In contrast, overexpression of the human APOA5 transgene and the lack of the endogenous Apoa5 gene show opposite triglyceride effects (3). Several studies indicate that naturally occurring sequence variation in the APOC3 and APOA5 genes affects plasma triglyceride concentrations in humans (4–7). People with the G allele of the 3238C>G polymorphism (SstI site) in the 3 untranslated region (3 UTR) of APOC3 tend to have higher plasma triglyceride concentrations (4, 5), as do individuals with two minor alleles, 482C>T and 455T>C (8–10), found in the insulin response element (IRE) of the APOC3 promoter. Several minor alleles of APOA5, the 1131T>C (upstream of the proximal promoter) (3, 6, 7), c. 3A>G (in a putative Kozak sequence) (11), c.56C>G (amino acid change p.Ser19Trp in the signal peptide) (7, 11), IVS3 476G>A (3, 11), c.553G>T (amino acid change p.Gly185Cys in exon 3) (12), and c.1259T>C (located in the 3 UTR) (3, 11), are also associated with increased plasma triglyceride concentrations.Ítem Association between hepatic lipase -514 C/T promoter polymorphism and myocardial infarction is modified by history of hypercholesterolemia and waist circumference(Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Volumen 20, no. 7, 2009) Baylin, Ana; Ruiz Narváez, Edward A.; Jensen, Majken K.; Rimm, Eric B.; Campos Núñez, HanniaBackground and aims: To examine whether the association between the 514 C/T polymorphism of the hepatic lipase gene and myocardial infarction (MI) is modified by history of hypercholesterolemia and increased waist circumference. Hepatic Lipase (HL) is a major determinant of HDL cholesterol, an established independent predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD) [1]. However, the role of HL in atherosclerosis remains uncertain. Overexpression of HL in transgenic and knockout animal models has resulted in both antiatherogenic and pro-atherogenic effects [2]. Although low HL activity in humans has been identified as a risk factor for CHD [3] the net effect of HL on CHD is hard to establish given its role in lipoprotein metabolism as both a lipolytic enzyme and as a ligand that facilitates uptake of lipoproteins [4]. Four linked polymorphisms (250 G to A, 514 C to T, 710 T to C, 763 A to G) have been identified in the promoter region of the HL gene [5]. These four poly- morphisms are in complete linkage disequilibrium and together define a common HL allele designed as 514 T allele. The T allele at position 514 of the HL gene is consistently associated with lower HL activity, higher HDL cholesterol, particularly HDL2 cholesterol, higher remnant-like particles, and triglyceride content and size of HDL and LDL particles [6]. Nevertheless, evidence of the effect of the 514 T allele on CHD is inconsistent. Some studies have shown no association [7-14], while others have shown an increased risk of CHD for carriers of the 514 T allele [15-19]. Surprisingly, the 514 T allele has not been inversely associated with CHD.Ítem Decreased consumption of dried mature beans is positively associated with urbanization and nonfatal acute myocardial infarction(The Journal of Nutrition, vol 35, no. 7, 2005) Kabagambe, Edmond K.; Baylin, Ana; Ruiz Narváez, Edward A.; Siles, Xinia; Campos, HanniaBeans, Phaseolus vulgaris, are legumes that are thought to have originated from southern Mexico and Central America over 7000 y ago (1); they still form an important part of the staple diet in those regions. For many centuries, beans have remained part of the human diet in several countries on all continents. Black beans or black Spanish beans are the commonest variety in Latin America; they are usually consumed as dried mature beans together with rice. The combination of rice and dried mature black beans (later referred to as beans) supplies various nutrients including essential amino acids, folate, soluble fiber, copper, magnesium, iron, potassium, calcium, zinc, and _-linolenic acid (2–10). Although there are several varieties of beans that occur in different sizes, shapes, and colors, their nutrient composition is quite similar to that of black beans (Table 1). Legumes including beans may protect against cardiovascular disease (CVD)3 through various mechanisms (2,5,10,11). However, epidemiologic data on the association between individual legumes such as beans and peas and CVD are lacking. Beans form the core of the Latin American staple diet and contribute significantly to energy and micronutrient intakes (5–7,12). Despite the recommendation to increase the intake of beans by health organizations (8), their consumption, as well as that of other legumes, has decreased with urbanization (13). This is probably because of the increased availability and advertising of relatively cheap simple carbohydrate diets such as pasta and white bread (7,13). As expected, these trends are likely to be responsible for the increased obesity and the slow emergence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases in many Latin American countries, including Costa Rica, where myocardial infarction (MI) accounts for 47.2% of CVD (14,15). Some of the few studies that have investigated the nutrients in beans [e.g., fiber (16 –18), folate (19), magnesium (20,21), and copper (22)], suggest inverse associations with CVD. Unlike soybeans and peanuts, the role of other legumes (e.g., beans) in CVD has not been reported. We therefore investigated, in a large incident case-control study in Costa Rica, whether eating beans is associated with risk of MI and explored potential mechanisms for such an association.Ítem Diet and leukocyte telomere length in a population with extended longevity: the Costa Rican longevity and healthy aging study (CRELES)(Nutrients, 13(8), 2021) Ruiz Narváez, Edward A.; Baylin, Ana; Azofeifa Navas, Jorge; Leal Esquivel, Alejandro; Rosero Bixby, LuisElderly Costa Ricans have lower mortality rates compared to their counterparts from developed countries. Reasons for this survival advantage are not completely known. In the present study, we aimed to identify dietary factors associated with leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a marker of biologic aging, in the elderly population of Costa Rica. We conducted prospective analysis in 909 participants aged 60+ years from the Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study (CRELES). We used a food frequency questionnaire to assess usual diet. We calculated dietary patterns using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). We used generalized linear models to examine the association of dietary patterns and food groups with leukocyte telomere length. We found two major dietary patterns explaining 9.15% and 7.18% of the total variation of food intake, respectively. The first dietary pattern, which represents a traditional Costa Rican rice and beans pattern, was more frequent in rural parts of the country and was positively associated with baseline LTL: (95% CI) = 42.0 base-pairs (bp) (9.9 bp, 74.1 bp) per one-unit increase of the traditional dietary pattern. In analysis of individual food groups, intake of grains was positively associated with baseline LTL: (95% CI) = 43.6 bp (13.9 bp, 73.3 bp) per one-serving/day increase of consumption of grains. Our results suggest that dietary factors, in particular a traditional food pattern, are associated with telomere length and may contribute to the extended longevity of elderly Costa Ricans.Ítem Does genetic variation in the Δ6-desaturase promoter modify the association between α-linolenic acid and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome?(The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol.89, no. 3, 2009) Truong, Hong; DiBello, Julia R.; Ruiz Narváez, Edward A.; Kraft, Peter; Campos Núñez, Hannia; Baylin, AnaBackground: Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are associated with protection against components of the metabolic syndrome, but the role of α-linolenic acid (ALA), the metabolic precursor of EPA and DHA, has not been studied. The Δ6-desaturase enzyme converts ALA into EPA and DHA, and genetic variation in the Δ6-desaturase gene (FADS2) may affect this conversion.Ítem Effect of apolipoprotein E genotype and saturated fat intake on plasma lipids and myocardial infarction in the Central Valley of Costa Rica(Human Biology, Vol. 79, no. 6, 2007) Yang, Yadong; Ruiz Narváez, Edward A.; Kraft, Peter; Campos, HanniaApolipoprotein E (apoE) is a ligand for the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and the LDL receptor-related protein (LRP) (Mahley and Rall 2000). Through these receptors apoE mediates the uptake of chylomicron remnants into the liver and the uptake of circulating very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) particles into peripheral tissues and cells (Mahley and Rall 2000).Ítem Genetic variants of the lipoprotein lipase gene and myocardial infarction in the Central Valley of Costa Rica(Journal of Lipid Research, no. 45, 2004) Yang, Yadong; Ruiz Narváez, Edward A.; Niu, Tianhua; Xu, Xiping; Campos Núñez, HanniaTo assess common variants of the LPL gene that could influence susceptibility to myocardial infarction (MI), we assessed three functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), D9N, N291S, and S447X, in 1,321 survivors of a first acute MI and 1,321 population-based controls, matched for age, gender, and area of residence, all living in the Central Valley of Costa Rica. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The frequency of the X447 mutant allele was significantly lower in cases than in controls (6.2% vs. 7.6%; P < 0.01), whereas no association with MI was found for D9N or N291S. The OR (95% CI) for carriers vs. noncarriers of the X447 allele was 0.80 (0.63–1.01); when considering the haplotype that contained X447 and normal alleles of D9N and N291S, the OR (95% CI) was 0.66 (0.48–0.91). Twelve other SNPs were assessed in a subgroup of the population, of which the four functional SNPs were found to be monomorphic, and no correlation with MI was observed for the other eight neutral SNPs. The X447 mutant allele of the LPL gene may protect from MI risk, although this effect is small.Ítem Social connections, leukocyte telomere length, and all-cause mortality in older adults from Costa Rica : the Costa Rican longevity and healthy aging study (CRELES)(Journal of Aging and Health, DOI: 10.1177/08982643251313923, 2025) Gan, Danting; Baylin, Ana; Peterson, Karen E.; Rosero Bixby, Luis; Ruiz Narváez, Edward A.Objectives: To examine the association of social connections with blood leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and all-cause mortality in older Costa Ricans. Methods: Utilizing data from the Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study (CRELES), a prospective cohort of 2827 individuals aged 60 and above followed since 2004, we constructed a Social Network Index (SNI) based on marital status, household size, interaction with non-cohabitating adult children, and church attendance. We used linear regression to assess SNI’s association with baseline LTL (N = 1113), and Cox proportional-hazard models to examine SNI’s relationship with all-cause mortality (N = 2735). Results: Higher SNI levels were associated with longer telomeres and decreased all-cause mortality during follow-up. Being married and regular church attendance were associated with 23% and 24% reductions of the all-cause mortality, respectively. Discussion: These findings underscore the importance of social engagement in promoting longevity among older Costa Ricans, suggesting broader implications for aging populations globally.Ítem Traditional rural dietary pattern and all-cause mortality in a prospective cohort study of elderly Costa Ricans: the Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study (CRELES)(The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2024) Zhang, Yundan; Cortés Ortiz, Mónica V.; Leung, Cindy W.; Baylin, Ana; Rosero Bixby, Luis; Ruiz Narváez, Edward A.Costa Rica, as many other Latin American countries, is experiencing a fast demographic aging. It is estimated that by 2030, 18.5% of the population, or almost 1 of every 5 Costa Ricans, will be 60 y or older, compared with 7.9% or 1 of every 13 Costa Ricans in 1999 [1]. As the population ages, chronic health conditions such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and neurodegenerative disorders are expected to increase in prevalence posing growing challenges to the health of the Costa Rican population. With the demographic shift toward an aging population, there is an urgent need to study determinants of longevity and healthy aging. Diet—as part of a healthy lifestyle—is a key modifiable factor that may help to minimize the burden of age-related health conditions. Beans are a major source of protein and fiber in Costa Rican adults and part of traditional diets in most Latin American countries. High bean consumption has been found associated with a protective cardiometabolic prolife such as low total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol [2,3]. In the Costa Rican population specifically, intake of beans has been associated with lower risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction in middle-aged adults [4]. We recently reported that a traditional Costa Rican rural dietary pattern, rich in beans and rice, was associated with longer leukocyte telomeres—a marker of biologic aging—in Costa Rican adults 60 y and older [5]. However, no studies have examined whether adherence to a traditional diet in elderly Costa Ricans may also be associated with lower mortality. Because of the nutrition transition (i.e., a shift from traditional diets to an increased consumption of processed foods highs in sugars, fats, and salt) experienced by Costa Rica in the last decades [4,6,7], it is essential to evaluate the potential impact of traditional diets on promoting healthy aging and longevity within an aging population. In this study, we assessed the association between a traditional rural dietary pattern, as well as their major food components beans and rice, and all-cause mortality among elderly Costa Ricans aged 60 y and older at baseline. We hypothesized that higher scores on the traditional dietary pattern are associated with lower all-cause mortality in elderly Costa Ricans. We also assessed whether additional dietary patterns may be associated with all-cause mortality. We used longitudinal and nationally representative data from the Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study (CRELES).Ítem α-Linolenic acid, Δ6-desaturase gene polymorphism, and the risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction(The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volumen 85, no. 2, 2007) Baylin, Ana; Ruiz Narváez, Edward A.; Kraft, Peter; Campos Núñez, HanniaBackground:Δ6-Desaturase (FADS2) is the rate-limiting step in the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biosynthetic pathway. Objective: The aim was to test whether the common deletion [T/-] in the promoter of FADS2 affects the PUFA biosynthetic pathway and consequently modifies the effect of α-linolenic acid (ALA) on myocardial infarction (MI). Design: Case subjects (n =1694) with a first nonfatal acute MI were matched by age, sex, and area of residence to 1694 population-based control subjects in Costa Rica. PUFAs were quantified by gas-liquid chromatography from plasma and adipose tissue samples. Least-squares means from generalized linear models and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs from multiple conditional logistic regression models were estimated. Results: The prevalence of the variant T/- allele was 48%. Eicosapentaenoic acid, γ-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid decreased in adipose tissue and plasma with increasing number of copies of the variant allele with a monotonic trend (P < 0.05 for all). Fasting plasma triacylglycerols by genotype were 2.08 mmol/L for TT, 2.16 mmol/L for T-, and 2.26 mmol/L for - - [ie, homozygous for the variant (deletion) allele] (P = 0.03). The FADS2 deletion was not associated with MI and did not significantly modify the association between adipose tissue ALA and the risk of MI. Conclusions: The FADS2 deletion may prevent the conversion of ALA into very-long-chain PUFAs. However, this metabolic effect is not translated into an attenuated risk between ALA and MI among carriers of the variant. It is possible that, at current intakes of ALA, any potential defect in the transcription of the gene is masked by the availability of substrate. Further research in populations deficient in ALA intake is warranted.