Examinando por Autor "Casas, Juan P."
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Ítem Interethnic differences in the accuracy of anthropometric indicators of obesity in screening for high risk of coronary heart disease(International Journal of Obesity, 33(5), 2009) Herrea, VM.; Casas, Juan P.; Miranda, JJ.; Perel, P.; Pichardo, R.; González, A.; Sánchez, José R.; Ferreccio, Catterina.; Aguilera, X.; Silva, E.; Oróstegui, Myriam; Gómez, LF.; Chirinos, JA.; Lezama, Medina J.; Pérez, Cynthia M.; Suárez, E.; Ortiz. AP.; Rosero Bixby, Luis; Schapochnik, Noberto; Ortiz, Zulma; Ferrante, Daniel; Diaz, M.; Bautista, LE.Obesity is a recognized risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases and for allcause mortality among ethnic groups in the United States.1,2 Also among Latin Americans, that is, Hispanics living in their country of origin, obesity doubles the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD)3 and seems to contribute to an excess of 18 to 49% in the risk of coronary events.4 In view of the large impact of obesity on cardiovascular risk, anthropometric indicators of obesity are commonly used as a tool to identify individuals and populations at high risk of cardiovascular events. Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of overall obesity, whereas waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) are used as indicators of abdominal obesity. Although these obesity indicators have been independently associated with CHD incidence and mortality in different populations,5-7 several investigators and public health organizations have recently questioned whether cut points derived from Whites from Europe and the United States are appropriate for use in other populations.8-10 For instance, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recently suggested lowering BMI action cut points to 23 and 27.5 kg/m2 for Asians, 8 and the International Diabetes Federation’s guidelines for assessing metabolic syndrome recommends the use of South Asian’s WC cut points for Latin Americans and makes no recommendation for cut points among Blacks from the United States.11 In this study we used data from six Latin-American countries and from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to compare the accuracy of BMI, WC and WHR, that is, their ability to correctly classify individuals as having a high or a low risk of CHD.Ítem Major cardiovascular risk factors in Latin America: a comparison with the United States. The Latin American consortium of studies in obesity (LASO)(PLOS ONE, vol.8(1), 2013) Miranda Montero, Jaime J.; Herrera Galindo, Víctor Mauricio; Chirinos Medina, Julio A.; Gómez Gutiérrez, Luis Fernando; Perel, Pablo; Pichardo Estevez, Rafael; González Medina, Angel; Sánchez Abanro, José Ramón; Ferreccio, Catterina; Aguilera Sanhueza, Ximena; Silva, Eglé; Oróstegui, Myriam; Medina Lezama, Josefina; Pérez, Cynthia M.; Suárez, Erick; Ortiz Martínez, Ana Patricia; Rosero Bixby, Luis; Schapochnik, Noberto; Ortiz, Zulma; Ferrante, Daniel; Casas, Juan P.; Bautista Lorenzo, Leonelo EnriqueLimited knowledge on the prevalence and distribution of risk factors impairs the planning and implementation of cardiovascular prevention programs in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region. For the last two decades cardiovascular diseases have been the main cause of death in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). [1] Cardiovascular mortality rates continue to increase in most LAC countries, and in those countries where rates have declined the blunting of the trend has been considerably lower than in the United Sates (US). [2]. Data on the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors in LAC region are limited, and the few studies available show significant variation in the levels of prevalence. For instance, the CARMELA study, [3] conducted in seven major urban cities from LAC, reprted markedly different hypertension levels. For instance, hypertension prevalence in Santiago (Chile), Buenos Aires (Argentina), and Barquisimeto (Venezuela), ranged from 24% to 29%, whereas in Quito (Ecuador), Bogotá (Colombia), Mexico City (Mexico), and Lima (Peru) varied from 9% to 13%. Yet, diabetes prevalence in these cities was similar to world’s estimates, around 7%. [3] Differences in rural-urban residence, socioeconomic development, and internal migration patterns could partly explain the contrasting profiles of cardiovascular risk factors, but knowledge on this regard is also very limited. This scarcity of data on the distribution of risk factors and, in turn, on their impact on incidence and mortality hampers efforts to curtail the growing epidemic of cardiovascular disease in LAC. In fact, national and regional health policies have been customarily based on estimates of the burden of risk factors and disease that rely heavily on demographic profiles. [4]. Here we reprt the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors using data from population-based studies from eight LAC countries. We also compare the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors in LAC and the US, as a way to illustrate the current stage of LAC in the process of the epidemiological transition. Insight into the specific differences in the distribution of risk factors in the LAC and US populations is important to foresee future trends in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the region.Ítem The Latin American Consortium of Studies in Obesity (LASO)(Obesity Reviews, vol.10(3), 2009) Bautista Lorenzo, Leonelo Enrique; Casas, Juan P.; Herrera Galindo, Víctor Mauricio; Miranda Montero, Jaime J.; Perel, Pablo; Pichardo Estevez, Rafael; González, Angel; Sánchez, José R.; Ferreccio, Catterina; Aguilera Sanhueza, Ximena; Silva, Eglé; Oróstegui, Myriam; Gómez Gutiérrez, Luis Fernando; Chirinos Medina, Julio A.; Medina Lezama, Josefina; Pérez, Cynthia M.; Suárez, Erick; Ortiz Martínez, Ana Patricia; Rosero Bixby, Luis; Schapochnik, Noberto; Ortiz, Zulma; Ferrante, DanielCurrent, high-quality data are needed to evaluate the health impact of the epidemic of obesity in Latin America. The Latin American Consortium of Studies of Obesity (LASO) has been established, with the objectives of (i) Accurately estimating the prevalence of obesity and its distribution by sociodemographic characteristics; (ii) Identifying ethnic, socioeconomic and behavioural determinants of obesity; (iii) Estimating the association between various anthropometric indicators or obesity and major cardiovascular risk factors and (iv) Quantifying the validity of standard definitions of the various indexes of obesity in Latin American population. To achieve these objectives, LASO makes use of individual data from existing studies. To date, the LASO consortium includes data from 11 studies from eight countries (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Peru, Puerto Rico and Venezuela), including a total of 32 462 subjects. This article describes the overall organization of LASO, the individual studies involved and the overall strategy for data analysis. LASO will foster the development of collaborative obesity research among Latin American investigators. More important, results from LASO will be instrumental to inform health policies aiming to curtail the epidemic of obesity in the region.