Diseño de una micro central hidroeléctrica para la Reserva Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes
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2013
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El diseño de la micro central hidroeléctrica para la Reserva Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes de la Universidad de Costa Rica, situada en los Ángeles de San Ramón, provincia de Alajuela, se realiza debido a que existe una planta hidroeléctrica que no cumple los requerimientos energéticos demandados en la actualidad. El objetivo de este proyecto es diseñar un sistema de generación hidroeléctrica óptimo, para cubrir las necesidades energéticas de dicha Reserva. Para realizar dicho proyecto de forma eficiente y confiable, capaz de abastecer en la mayor medida posible las necesidades energéticas de la Reserva, se inició analizando las instalaciones y equipos eléctricos en la Estación, dando como resultado una demanda de potencia con un valor de 5,5 kW pico, esto realizando un cambio en el tipo de luminarias y el hábito de consumo. Se calculó el potencial hidráulico del río San Lorencito, utilizando el método indirecto de correlación de caudales y mediciones directas en el sitio, obteniendo una curva variable entre los 53 l/s y los 212 l/s. Se definió la altura bruta y neta por medio de medición directa para realizar el diseño de las obras de toma, tubería de presión y casa de máquinas con todos sus elementos correspondientes. También se realizó un estudio de pre factibilidad económica, donde se demuestra la rentabilidad de desarrollar el proyecto en relación con el costo de electrificación pública o colocar una planta térmica. Se consideró la ubicación de la toma de agua a 320 m desde la casa de máquinas, la cual se mantiene en el mismo lugar en el que se encuentra actualmente, con una caída bruta de 18,81 m. Se realiza un diseño tal, que la toma esté protegida ante avenidas e ingreso de objetos no deseados al sistema. El diseño tiene dos propuestas: La primera para obtener el mayor potencial energético del río San Lorencito (8 kW), colocando una nueva tubería DN250 con un caudal de diseño de 130 l/s (disponible...
The micro-hydroelectric power station design for the Alberto Manuel Brenes Biological Reserve of the University of Costa Rica, located in Los Angeles de San Ramón, Alajuela, has been made because the existing hydroelectric plant does not meet the current energy requirements in the area. The object of this project is to design an optimal hydroelectric generator system to meet the energy needs of the Reserve. To make the project in an efficient and reliable way, able to supply as much as possible the energy needs of the Reserve, the first step was to analyze the existing site electrical installations and equipment, resulting in an electrical peak power demand of 5,5 kW, that is achieved with a change in the consumption behavior and in the type of lighting used. The hydraulic potential of the San Lorencito river was calculated, using the indirect method of flows correlation and direct measurements on the site, obtaining a variable curve between 53 l/s and 212 l/s. Height, gross and net, was defined by direct measurement to design the intake works, the penstock and the powerhouse. An economic feasibility study was made, which shows the profitability of developing the project in relation to the cost of install public electrification or placing a thermal plant. The considered appropriate location of the water intake is placed 320 m from the powerhouse, which will remains in the same place, resulting in 18,81 m of gross head. Design is such made that the intake is protected against floods and doesn’t allow unwanted objects entering the system. The design has two proposals: The first one is to get the most amount of energy available from the San Lorencito Station (8 kW), placing a completely new pipeline of DN250 PVC size tube with a design flow of 130 l/s (with a 60% of the time availability). The second one is to supply only the energy required by the Station (5 kW), extending the current DN200 size pipeline to the proposed intake setting a new stretch...
The micro-hydroelectric power station design for the Alberto Manuel Brenes Biological Reserve of the University of Costa Rica, located in Los Angeles de San Ramón, Alajuela, has been made because the existing hydroelectric plant does not meet the current energy requirements in the area. The object of this project is to design an optimal hydroelectric generator system to meet the energy needs of the Reserve. To make the project in an efficient and reliable way, able to supply as much as possible the energy needs of the Reserve, the first step was to analyze the existing site electrical installations and equipment, resulting in an electrical peak power demand of 5,5 kW, that is achieved with a change in the consumption behavior and in the type of lighting used. The hydraulic potential of the San Lorencito river was calculated, using the indirect method of flows correlation and direct measurements on the site, obtaining a variable curve between 53 l/s and 212 l/s. Height, gross and net, was defined by direct measurement to design the intake works, the penstock and the powerhouse. An economic feasibility study was made, which shows the profitability of developing the project in relation to the cost of install public electrification or placing a thermal plant. The considered appropriate location of the water intake is placed 320 m from the powerhouse, which will remains in the same place, resulting in 18,81 m of gross head. Design is such made that the intake is protected against floods and doesn’t allow unwanted objects entering the system. The design has two proposals: The first one is to get the most amount of energy available from the San Lorencito Station (8 kW), placing a completely new pipeline of DN250 PVC size tube with a design flow of 130 l/s (with a 60% of the time availability). The second one is to supply only the energy required by the Station (5 kW), extending the current DN200 size pipeline to the proposed intake setting a new stretch...
Descripción
Tesis (licenciatura en ingeniería mecánica)--Universidad de Costa Rica. Facultad de Ingeniería. Escuela de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2013.
Palabras clave
ENERGIA HIDRAULICA, RESERVA BIOLOGICA ALBERTO MANUEL BRENES (SAN RAMON, ALAJUELA, COSTA RICA), MINICENTRALES HIDROELECTRICAS - DISEÑO, MINICENTRALES HIDROELECTRICAS - EQUIPO Y ACCESORIOS