Diseño del sistema fijo contra incendios para una planta de almacenamiento de líquidos inflamables
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2022
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Abstract
La práctica dirigida de graduación (PDG) se realizó en la empresa Salvavidas de Centroamérica S.A., en donde se llevó a cabo el diseño del sistema fijo contra incendios para una planta de almacenamiento de líquidos inflamables, comprendiendo desde la definición de los criterios de diseño hasta la distribución de todos los equipos necesarios para reducir los riesgos de incendio en las bodegas y las áreas exteriores de la planta, según lo establece la normativa vigente. Para la elaboración del diseño mencionado se utilizó la Norma para la Instalación de Sistemas de Rociadores (NFPA 13), Instalación de Bombas Estacionarias de Protección Contra Incendios (NFPA 20), el Manual de Diseño y Aplicaciones de Sistemas de Espuma y el Código de Líquidos Inflamables y Combustibles (NFPA 30), Norma para la Instalación de Sistemas de Rociadores de Agua-Espuma y de Pulverización de Agua-Espuma (NFPA 16), entre otros. Se generaron las láminas de diseño que especifican todas las características de los dispositivos seleccionados, la distribución, sistemas de rociadores, gabinetes de manguera clase III, hidrantes fabricados en sitio y la distribución de extintores en carretilla. Además, se dimensionó y seleccionó el motor, la bomba y el tanque apernado de almacenamiento de agua contra incendios. Se realizó un presupuesto general que contiene todos los dispositivos, tubería, rociadores y equipos del sistema diseñado y muestra una visión real del costo que puede tener este proyecto. Se incluye la información general del diseño como marcas de los equipos, descripción de los alcances, condiciones generales, tabla de costos o resumen general de estos, mano de obra, periodos aproximados de finalización de las etapas del proyecto, aspectos no incluidos y aspectos importantes por considerar para el inicio del proyecto. Por último, se elabora una memoria descriptiva que amplía los detalles del diseño para su mejor entendimiento..
The graduate internship took place in the company Salvavidas de Centroamérica S.A., where the Fixed Firefighting Systems design was elaborated for a flammable liquid warehouse facility, which comprised from the design criteria definition to the distribution of all the equipment necessary to reduce fire risks on the warehouse and external areas of the plant, as stipulated by the regulations in force. The design mentioned before was elaborated according with the Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems (NFPA 13), Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection (NFPA 20), Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code (NFPA 30), Standard for the Installation of Foam-Water Sprinkler and Foam-Water Spray Systems (NFPA 16), amongst others. Design sheets were generated with the selected devices characteristics, distribution, sprinkler systems, hose cabinet class III, fire hydrants manufactured on site, and wheelbarrow fire extinguisher distribution. Furthermore, the motor, pump and water storage bolted tank to fight fire were sized and selected. A general budget was elaborated with all the devices, pipelines, sprinklers and equipment for the designed system, which shows a real estimation of the costs for a project of such magnitude. It includes general information about design such as brands, scope descriptions, general conditions, cost tables or general summary of costs, workforce, estimated periods to accomplish each phase of the project, not included aspects and important aspects to take into consideration at the beginning of the project. Finally, the descriptive memory was elaborated to provide more details that should be analyzed by the reader with special attention to have a better understanding, among them are included technical pipelines aspects, foam equipment, sprinklers, motors, fight fire pumps, etc.
The graduate internship took place in the company Salvavidas de Centroamérica S.A., where the Fixed Firefighting Systems design was elaborated for a flammable liquid warehouse facility, which comprised from the design criteria definition to the distribution of all the equipment necessary to reduce fire risks on the warehouse and external areas of the plant, as stipulated by the regulations in force. The design mentioned before was elaborated according with the Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems (NFPA 13), Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection (NFPA 20), Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code (NFPA 30), Standard for the Installation of Foam-Water Sprinkler and Foam-Water Spray Systems (NFPA 16), amongst others. Design sheets were generated with the selected devices characteristics, distribution, sprinkler systems, hose cabinet class III, fire hydrants manufactured on site, and wheelbarrow fire extinguisher distribution. Furthermore, the motor, pump and water storage bolted tank to fight fire were sized and selected. A general budget was elaborated with all the devices, pipelines, sprinklers and equipment for the designed system, which shows a real estimation of the costs for a project of such magnitude. It includes general information about design such as brands, scope descriptions, general conditions, cost tables or general summary of costs, workforce, estimated periods to accomplish each phase of the project, not included aspects and important aspects to take into consideration at the beginning of the project. Finally, the descriptive memory was elaborated to provide more details that should be analyzed by the reader with special attention to have a better understanding, among them are included technical pipelines aspects, foam equipment, sprinklers, motors, fight fire pumps, etc.
Description
Práctica dirigida de graduación (licenciatura en ingeniería mecánica con énfasis en protección contra incendios)--Universidad de Costa Rica. Facultad de Ingeniería. Ecuela de Ingenería Mecánica, 2022
Keywords
EXTINTORES DE INCENDIOS, INCENDIOS - PREVENCION - DISEÑO, INCENDIOS - PREVENCION - EQUIPO Y ACCESORIOS - COSTOS, INCENDIOS - PREVENCION - EQUIPO Y ACCESORIOS - DISEÑO, SUMINISTRO DE AGUA