Evaluación de la digestión anaeróbica de dos etapas de las aguas residuales ordinarias
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2023
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En la investigación se evaluó la utilización de un reactor anaeróbico de dos etapas respecto al de una etapa a escala de laboratorio en la gestión de aguas residuales ordinarias o municipales en Costa Rica y agua residual sintética a base de glucosa, esto se logró mediante la prueba experimental en términos de producción de biogás, la cual se midió con un índice volumétrico de 1 a 0, siendo 1 la mayor producción obtenida de biogás durante la investigación. Entre los principales resultados se obtiene que entre las fases estudiadas en términos de producción de biogás la digestión anaerobia en dos etapas de agua residual sintética a base de glucosa presentó la mayor producción por lo que esta se define en la investigación como índice volumétrico 1, seguido del agua residual ordinaria en una fase con un índice de 0,25 y el más bajo fue el del agua residual sintética en una etapa con 0,06, durante el proceso se encontró que los cambios de pH en el medio influían directamente en la producción de biogás. Por otro lado, se encontró que no es factible en este caso el uso de digestores anaerobios de dos etapas para el tratamiento de aguas residuales domésticas debido a que el reactor de laboratorio alcanza un TRH mínimo de 22 h y para esto se necesitan TRH entre 2 a 3 h. Sin embargo, se encuentra altamente beneficiosa la incorporación de un segundo reactor para el agua residual sintética, por lo que se realiza un diseño para este prototipo, en el cual se obtiene que la inversión al añadir un segundo reactor se recuperaría en un periodo de 15 años mediante el aprovechamiento del biogás producido en sustitución de gas licuado de petróleo (LPG) obteniendo un beneficio económico por año de 3 287 123 colones, lo cual permitiría el uso de un sistema de tratamiento que no requiere un consumo energético, y por el contrario genera energía.
Inglés: The research evaluated the use of a two-stage anaerobic reactor with respect to a one-stage reactor at laboratory scale in the management of ordinary or municipal wastewater in Costa Rica and glucose-based synthetic wastewater, this was achieved through the experimental test in terms of biogas production, which was measured with a volumetric index from 1 to 0, with 1 being the highest biogas production obtained during the research. Among the main results it is obtained that among the phases studied in terms of biogas production, the two-stage anaerobic digestion of synthetic wastewater based on glucose presented the highest production, which is defined in the research as volumetric index 1, followed by ordinary wastewater in one stage with an index of 0.25 and the lowest was that of synthetic wastewater in one stage with 0.06. During the process it was found that the pH changes in the medium directly influenced biogas production. On the other hand, it was found that it is not feasible in this case to use two-stage anaerobic digesters for the treatment of domestic wastewater because the laboratory reactor reaches a minimum HRT of 22 h and for this, HRT between 2 to 3 h are needed. However, the incorporation of a second reactor for the synthetic wastewater is highly beneficial, so a design for this prototype is made, in which it is obtained that the investment by adding a second reactor would be recovered in a period of 15 years by using the biogas produced to replace liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) obtaining an economic benefit per year of 3 287 123 colones, which would allow the use of a treatment system that does not require energy consumption, and on the contrary generates energy.
Inglés: The research evaluated the use of a two-stage anaerobic reactor with respect to a one-stage reactor at laboratory scale in the management of ordinary or municipal wastewater in Costa Rica and glucose-based synthetic wastewater, this was achieved through the experimental test in terms of biogas production, which was measured with a volumetric index from 1 to 0, with 1 being the highest biogas production obtained during the research. Among the main results it is obtained that among the phases studied in terms of biogas production, the two-stage anaerobic digestion of synthetic wastewater based on glucose presented the highest production, which is defined in the research as volumetric index 1, followed by ordinary wastewater in one stage with an index of 0.25 and the lowest was that of synthetic wastewater in one stage with 0.06. During the process it was found that the pH changes in the medium directly influenced biogas production. On the other hand, it was found that it is not feasible in this case to use two-stage anaerobic digesters for the treatment of domestic wastewater because the laboratory reactor reaches a minimum HRT of 22 h and for this, HRT between 2 to 3 h are needed. However, the incorporation of a second reactor for the synthetic wastewater is highly beneficial, so a design for this prototype is made, in which it is obtained that the investment by adding a second reactor would be recovered in a period of 15 years by using the biogas produced to replace liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) obtaining an economic benefit per year of 3 287 123 colones, which would allow the use of a treatment system that does not require energy consumption, and on the contrary generates energy.
Descripción
Proyecto de graduación (licenciatura en ingeniería civil)--Universidad de Costa Rica. Facultad de Ingeniería. Escuela de Ingeniería Civil, 2023
Palabras clave
AGUAS RESIDUALES, BIODIGESTORES - COSTA RICA, BIOGAS - PRODUCCION, CONSUMO DE AGUA, DIGESTIÓN ANAEROBIA - EVALUACIÓN, GENERACION DE ENERGIA, PURIFICACION DE AGUAS RESIDUALES