Incertidumbre ante los nuevos escenarios migratorios. Transformaciones recientes en la migración en tránsito en Costa Rica = The uncertainty of new migratory scenarios. Recent transformations in transit migration in Costa Rica
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Fecha
2020
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Si Simos Americanos. Revista de Estudios Transfronterizados, Vol. 20 (1)
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1-22
Resumen
Costa Rica se ha identificado históricamente como el principal receptor de migración en la región centroamericana. Sin embargo, a partir del año 2009 se empiezan a identificar importantes transformaciones en el escenario de tránsito que desembocan en dos importantes emergencias: la primera en noviembre de 2015 con la llegada masiva de personas cubanas y la segunda en abril de 2016 con la llegada de personas originarias de diferentes países del Caribe, África y Asia. A partir del análisis de notas de prensa, de la revisión de informes de situación de instituciones vinculadas con la atención de estas emergencias y de entrevistas a actores clave, se han identificado los principales desafíos que enfrentó el Estado costarricense en la atención de estas emergencias y se analizan las transformaciones registradas en el escenario migratorio de tránsito. Como resultado de este proceso investigativo se concluye que el país debe repensar su política migratoria desde un enfoque prospectivo y versátil, trascendiendo su especialización en la inmigración y asumiendo de forma integral el papel que le corresponde en el entramado migratorio regional.
Costa Rica has historically been identified as the main destination country of migration in Central America. However, from 2009 onwards, important changes were observed in the migration scenario which have led to two major emergencies: the first in November 2015 with the massive arrival of Cuban citizens and the second in April 2016 with the arrival of people from various Caribbean, African and Asian countries. This work is based on an analysis of news articles, a review of reports on this situation issued by institutions linked to the response to these emergencies, and interviews with key actors. This analysis therefore allows us to identify the changes registered in the migratory scenario of transit to establish the main challenges faced by the Costa Rican State in its response to these emergencies. As a result of this research process, it has been concluded that the country must reassess its migration policy and adopt a forward looking and versatile approach, which transcends its focus on immigration issues and plays a comprehensive role in the regional migratory framework.
Costa Rica has historically been identified as the main destination country of migration in Central America. However, from 2009 onwards, important changes were observed in the migration scenario which have led to two major emergencies: the first in November 2015 with the massive arrival of Cuban citizens and the second in April 2016 with the arrival of people from various Caribbean, African and Asian countries. This work is based on an analysis of news articles, a review of reports on this situation issued by institutions linked to the response to these emergencies, and interviews with key actors. This analysis therefore allows us to identify the changes registered in the migratory scenario of transit to establish the main challenges faced by the Costa Rican State in its response to these emergencies. As a result of this research process, it has been concluded that the country must reassess its migration policy and adopt a forward looking and versatile approach, which transcends its focus on immigration issues and plays a comprehensive role in the regional migratory framework.
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MIGRACION INTERNACIONAL, MIGRACION DE TRANSITO, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, TRANSIT MIGRATION, COSTA RICA