Optimización de un dispositivo de colecta de saliva para pruebas moleculares de diagnóstico del virus SAR-COV-2, por medio de la utilización de agentes antimicrobianos, simulaciones y pruebas mecánicas
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2023
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Ante la amenaza del COVID-19, se están implementando a nivel mundial métodos de ensayos a base de recolección de saliva para la detección del virus. Sin embargo, durante este proceso existe exposición al virus debido a contacto con instrumentación o superficies infectadas [1]. En este trabajo de investigación se trabajó en la mejora del diseño de un dispositivo de colecta de saliva para ser utilizado en estudios para pruebas moleculares del virus SARS-CoV-2, por medio de la utilización de agentes antimicrobianos, simulaciones y pruebas mecánicas, para así aportar a la disminución en la propagación del virus y aminorar las probabilidades de contagio del personal médico y todo encargado de manipular el dispositivo. Se elaboraron nanopartículas de ´oxido de cobre como potenciales agentes antimicrobianos, para lo que se utilizaron dos métodos de síntesis y se obtuvieron nanopartículas de óxido cúprico CuO y óxido cuproso Cu2O. Se incorporaron las nanopartículas de óxido de cobre en una matriz polimérica de PLA, y también se observó el efecto de las nanopartículas en las propiedades térmicas y mecánicas del material por medio de pruebas exploratorias de calorimetría de barrido diferencial, un análisis termogravimétrico y pruebas mecánica de flexión. No se encontró evidencia de un efecto de las nanopartículas en las propiedades térmicas del PLA y no se observaron cambios significativos en la degradación del material; para el caso de las pruebas de flexión, se apreciaron diferencias entre el material con nanopartículas con respecto al material sin nanopartículas. Se observó un reforzamiento de las propiedades elásticas del material, no obstante, se recomienda aumentar la cantidad de ensayos realizados para poder verificar los resultados. Además, se utilizaron los métodos de microscopía electrónica de transmisión y microscopía electrónica...
Given the threat of COVID-19, testing methods based on saliva collection are being implemented worldwide for the detection of the virus . However, this process implies the exposure to the virus due to contact with instrumentation or infected surfaces [1]. The primary purpose of this research was to improve the design of a saliva collection device for molecular testing of the virus SARS-CoV-2, through the use of antimicrobial agents, simulations, and mechanical tests, to contribute to reducing the spread of the virus and reduce the chances of infection of medical personnel or anyone in charge of handling said device. Copper oxide nanoparticles were prepared as potential antimicrobial agents, for which two different synthesis methods were used to obtain nanoparticles of cupric oxi- de CuO and cuprous oxide Cu2O . Copper oxide nanoparticles were incorporated into a PLA polymeric matrix, and the thermal and mechanical effect of the nanoparticles on the material was observed through exploratory differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and flexural tests. No evidence was found on the thermal properties of PLA with the addition of the nanoparticles, and no significant changes in material degradation were observed; for the flexural tests, differences were observed between the material with nanoparticles and the one without nanoparticles. An enhan- cement of the material flexural strength was observed; however, to verify the results, it is recommended to increase the number of tests to be carried out. Transmission electron microscopy was used to determine the shape and size of the nanoparticles, and scanning electron microscopy...
Given the threat of COVID-19, testing methods based on saliva collection are being implemented worldwide for the detection of the virus . However, this process implies the exposure to the virus due to contact with instrumentation or infected surfaces [1]. The primary purpose of this research was to improve the design of a saliva collection device for molecular testing of the virus SARS-CoV-2, through the use of antimicrobial agents, simulations, and mechanical tests, to contribute to reducing the spread of the virus and reduce the chances of infection of medical personnel or anyone in charge of handling said device. Copper oxide nanoparticles were prepared as potential antimicrobial agents, for which two different synthesis methods were used to obtain nanoparticles of cupric oxi- de CuO and cuprous oxide Cu2O . Copper oxide nanoparticles were incorporated into a PLA polymeric matrix, and the thermal and mechanical effect of the nanoparticles on the material was observed through exploratory differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and flexural tests. No evidence was found on the thermal properties of PLA with the addition of the nanoparticles, and no significant changes in material degradation were observed; for the flexural tests, differences were observed between the material with nanoparticles and the one without nanoparticles. An enhan- cement of the material flexural strength was observed; however, to verify the results, it is recommended to increase the number of tests to be carried out. Transmission electron microscopy was used to determine the shape and size of the nanoparticles, and scanning electron microscopy...
Descripción
Proyecto de graduación (licenciatura en ingeniería mecánica)--Universidad de Costa Rica. Facultad de Ingeniería. Escuela de Ingeniería mecánica, 2023
Palabras clave
COVID-19 (ENFERMEDAD) - DIAGNOSTICO, NANOPARTICULAS, OXIDO DE COBRE, SALIVA - ANALISIS - EQUIPO Y ACCESORIOS - DISEÑO