Medición de rendimientos de mano en obra para la construcción de residencias en Costa Rica y determinación de factores de ajuste para los publicados por el RSMeans
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2020
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A diferencia de otros países más desarrollados, en Costa Rica no se cuenta con una base de datos estructurada pública o privada de rendimientos de mano de obra que pueda ser consultada o adquirida por empresas o profesionales del campo de la ingeniería. Lo anterior puede hacer que los procesos de estimación de costos y programación de obras sean deficientes para algunas empresas constructoras de formación reciente o que no cuenten con información histórica sobre rendimientos de la mano de obra. Es por esta razón que, con esta investigación se pretendió determinar factores de ajuste para utilizar los rendimientos de la base de datos del RSMeans en proyectos de vivienda unifamiliar en Costa Rica. Para el desarrollo de la investigación, se hicieron mediciones de la productividad de la mano de obra en las actividades de mayor costo de cuatro proyectos de vivienda unifamiliar. Estas actividades se identificaron mediante un análisis de Pareto realizado a cuatro presupuestos de proyectos ejecutados por una empresa externa anteriormente. Finalmente se compararon los rendimientos encontrados, con aquellos disponibles en la base de datos mencionada para la actividad en análisis, para determinar el factor de ajuste. Se encontró un factor de ajuste cercano a la unidad para el promedio de la mayoría de actividades analizadas, lo que sugiere que no hay una gran diferencia entre el rendimiento en Costa Rica y Estados Unidos. La excepción fue la actividad "mampostería" para la cual se obtuvo un factor de ajuste de 2,85 debido, posiblemente, a diferencias en el método de ejecución de ésta.
Inglés: Unlike other more developed countries, Costa Rica does not have a structured public or private database of labor performance that can be consulted or acquired by companies or professionals in the engineering field. This can make the cost estimation and work scheduling processes deficient for some construction companies that are recently formed or do not have historical information on labor performance. It is for this reason that this research aimed to determine adjustment factors to use the crews' performance data from the RSMeans database in single- family housing projects in Costa Rica. For the development of the research, measurements were made of the productivity of labor in the activities with the highest cost of four single-family housing projects. These activities were identified through a Pareto analysis performed on four project budgets previously executed by an external company. Finally, the yields found were compared with those available in the aforementioned database for the activity under analysis, to determine the adjustment factor. An adjustment factor close to unity was found for the average of most of the activities analyzed, which suggests that there is not a great difference between the performance in Costa Rica and the United States. The exception was the "masonry" activity, for which an adjustment factor of 2.85 was obtained, possibly due to differences in the execution method.
Inglés: Unlike other more developed countries, Costa Rica does not have a structured public or private database of labor performance that can be consulted or acquired by companies or professionals in the engineering field. This can make the cost estimation and work scheduling processes deficient for some construction companies that are recently formed or do not have historical information on labor performance. It is for this reason that this research aimed to determine adjustment factors to use the crews' performance data from the RSMeans database in single- family housing projects in Costa Rica. For the development of the research, measurements were made of the productivity of labor in the activities with the highest cost of four single-family housing projects. These activities were identified through a Pareto analysis performed on four project budgets previously executed by an external company. Finally, the yields found were compared with those available in the aforementioned database for the activity under analysis, to determine the adjustment factor. An adjustment factor close to unity was found for the average of most of the activities analyzed, which suggests that there is not a great difference between the performance in Costa Rica and the United States. The exception was the "masonry" activity, for which an adjustment factor of 2.85 was obtained, possibly due to differences in the execution method.
Descripción
Proyecto de graduación (licenciatura en ingeniería civil)--Universidad de Costa Rica. Facultad de Ingeniería. Escuela de Ingeniería Civil, 2020
Palabras clave
CONSTRUCCION DE VIVIENDAS - COSTA RICA, MANO DE OBRA - COSTA RICA, RENDIMIENTO DEL TRABAJO - MEDICIONES